NEUOFFENBARUNG← Secrets of Heaven · Volume 8 · Contents
6368. From the prey my son thou art gone up. That this signifies that from the Lord through what is celestial there is deliverance of many from hell, is evident from the signification of “going up from the prey,” as being deliverance from hell (of which below); and from the representation of Judah, who is here “my son,” as being the Divine celestial (n. 6363). That “to go up from the prey” denotes deliverance from hell is because man of himself is in hell, for his will and thought from his own is nothing but evil and its falsity, by which he has been so bound to hell that he cannot be torn away without violence. This tearing away and deliverance is what is called the “prey;” and because this is done from the Lord’s Divine good, it is said that from the Lord through what is celestial is the deliverance of many from hell.
[2] But be it known that no one can be torn away and delivered from hell unless in the life of the body he has been in spiritual good, that is, in charity through faith; for unless he has been in this good through faith, there is nothing to receive the good which flows in from the Lord; but it flows through, except that which can be fixed somewhere; and therefore these persons cannot be torn away or delivered from hell. For all the states that a man has acquired in the life of the body are retained in the other life, and are filled; with the good the states of good are retained and filled with good, and by means of these states they are elevated into heaven; and with the evil the states of evil are retained and filled with evil, and by means of these states they sink down into hell. This is the meaning of the saying that as a man dies, so he remains. This shows who they are that can be delivered by the Lord from hell by means of the Divine celestial.
6369. He bowed, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion. That this signifies the good of love and the derivative truth in their power, is evident from the signification of “bowing,” as being to put forth his power, for when a lion crouches (as when it sees its prey) it hardens its sinews and gathers strength; from the signification of “couching,” as being to lie in safety and without dread; and from the signification of a “lion” and an “old lion,” as being the good of love and the derivative truth in their power (see n. 6367). A “young lion” denotes one who is in power through truth from good, and an “old lion” one who is in power through good. For they who are in celestial good never fight, but are safe through good; because where they come, the evil flee away, for the evil cannot endure their presence (n. 6365); it is these who are signified by an “old lion.”
6370. Who shall rouse him up? That this signifies that he is safe among all in the hells, is evident from the signification of “who shall rouse him up,” as being to be safe. That it denotes among all in the hells is because he is safe among all evils, even in the midst of the hells; for love to the Lord and toward the neighbor has this effect, because they who are in this love are most closely conjoined with the Lord, and are in the Lord, because they are in the Divine which proceeds from Him; hence nothing of evil can reach them. Be it known that there are innumerable hells, distinct according to the genera of evils and the derivative falsities, and according to the species of these, and the details of the species; and that in each hell there is order; and that this order is preserved by the Lord, both immediately, and mediately through the celestial angels; at times also angels are sent thither to bring into order what is disorderly there; and when they are there, they are in safety. This is what is meant by the safety among all in the hells of him who is in what is celestial.
6371. The scepter shall not be removed from Judah. That this signifies that sovereignty shall not depart from the celestial kingdom, is evident from the signification of “being removed,” as being to depart; from the signification of “scepter,” as being sovereignty, and indeed the sovereignty of truth from good (see n. 4876), for a scepter is a badge of royal power, and by royalty is signified truth (n. 1672, 1728, 2015, 2069, 3009, 4575, 6148); and from the representation of Judah, as being the celestial kingdom (n. 6363). Hence it is plain that by the “scepter not being removed from Judah” is signified that the sovereignty shall not depart from the celestial kingdom.
[2] From the sense of the letter it appears that by what is contained in this verse is meant that the kingdom should not be removed from the Jewish people until the Lord came. This also is true, yet in this historic truth, as in everything else, there is an internal sense; for that the kingdom should not be removed from the Jewish people, is a worldly matter; but the spiritual truth of the internal sense appears when by “scepter” is understood sovereignty, and by “Judah” the celestial kingdom. But that sovereignty should depart from the celestial kingdom when the Lord came, is a secret that no one can know except from revelation. The case is this. Before the coming of the Lord into the world, there was influx of life with men and with spirits from Jehovah or the Lord through the celestial kingdom, that is, through the angels who were in that kingdom, and hence they then had the sovereignty. But when the Lord came into the world, and thereby made the Human in Himself Divine, He put on just that which was with the angels of the celestial kingdom, thus He put on this sovereignty. For previously the Divine transflux through that heaven had been the Divine Human; it was also the Divine Man which was presented to view when Jehovah so appeared; but this Divine Human ceased when the Lord Himself made the Human in Himself Divine. This shows how the case is with this secret. The angels of that kingdom have indeed great sovereignty now, but only insofar as they are in the Lord’s Divine Human through love to Him. (See what has already been stated and shown, n. 1990, 2803, 3061, 4180, 4687, 5110, 6280.)
6372. And a lawgiver from between his feet. That this signifies truths from this good in lower things, is evident from the signification of a “lawgiver,” as being truths (of which below); and from the signification of “feet,” as being natural things (see n. 2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328), thus lower things, for natural things are beneath, and celestial things (just now described) are above. It is said a “lawgiver from between his feet” in order that the spiritual of the celestial may be signified, or the truth which is from good, for at that time the spiritual kingdom was not such as it was after the Lord’s coming-distinct from the celestial kingdom-but was one with the celestial kingdom, being merely its external; therefore also it is said “from between his feet,” in order that truth which is from good may be signified; for this is signified by this inner side of the feet, from its communication with the loins. Of this truth it is also said that it should be “removed when Shiloh came,” that is, its sovereignty should be removed, just as was the sovereignty of the celestial (see n. 6371); for the celestial kingdom at that time exercised its sovereignty by means of this truth; and because this was so, this truth is called a “lawgiver.” This truth is also meant in the internal sense by a “lawgiver” in Isaiah:
Jehovah is our judge, Jehovah is our lawgiver, Jehovah is our king (Isa. 33:22);
where “judge” denotes that He acts from good; “lawgiver,” that He acts from truth from this good; “king,” that He acts from truth; thus they follow in order. And in David:
Gilead is Mine, and Manasseh is Mine, and Ephraim is the strength of My head, Judah is My lawgiver (Ps. 60:7; 108:8);
where “Judah a lawgiver” is celestial good and its celestial truth. In Moses:
The fountain, the princes digged it, the nobles of the people digged it out, by the lawgiver, with their staves (Num. 21:18).
And again:
Gad saw the first fruits for himself, for there was the portion of the hidden lawgiver; whence came the heads of the people; he wrought the righteousness of Jehovah, and His judgments with Israel (Deut. 33:21);
where also “lawgiver” denotes truth from good.
6373. Until Shiloh come. That this signifies the coming of the Lord, and the tranquillity of peace then, is evident from the signification of “Shiloh,” as being the Lord, who is called “Shiloh” from the fact that He pacified and made all things tranquil; for in the original, “Shiloh” is derived from a word which means tranquillity. The reason why the Lord is here called “Shiloh” is plain from what was said above (n. 6371, 6372) about the celestial kingdom and its sovereignty; for when the Divine was presented to view through that kingdom there was in tranquillity, because the things in heaven, and the things in hell, could not thereby be reduced into order, for the Divine which flowed through that kingdom could not be pure, because heaven is not pure; thus neither was that kingdom so strong that all things could by means of it be kept in order; and therefore also the infernal and diabolical spirits were then raising themselves up from the hells and were ruling over the souls who were arriving from the world. The result was that none could be saved but the celestial; and at last scarcely they, unless the Lord had taken on the Human and had made this in Himself Divine; whereby the Lord reduced all things into order, first those in heaven, and afterward those in the hells; thus producing the tranquillity of peace. That the spiritual, that is, they who were of the spiritual church, were saved by the Lord’s coming, may be seen above, n. 2661, 2716, 2833, 2834; and that the Lord, when in the world, reduced all things into order, n. 1820, 4286, 4287; that the Divine truth from Jehovah or the Lord flowed in through heaven into the human race, but because this did not suffice when man removed himself from good, the Lord came into the world and made the Human in Himself Divine, in order that from the very Divine Human of the Lord the Divine truth might proceed, and thus might save man, who should receive good through truth, may also be seen above, n. 4180, 6280.
6374. And to him is the obedience of the peoples. That this signifies that from His Divine Human should proceed truths which could be received, is evident from the signification of “obedience,” as being the reception of truths which proceed from the Lord; and from the signification of “peoples,” as being those who are in truths, thus also truths (see n. 1259, 1260, 3581), and hence those who are of the spiritual church (n. 2928).
6375. He binds his young ass unto the vine. That this signifies [conjunction through] truth in the natural for the external church, is evident from the signification of “binding,” as being to be conjoined; from the signification of a “vine,” as being the spiritual church (see n. 1069, 5113), here the external spiritual church, because by a “choice vine,” presently mentioned, is signified the internal church; and from the signification of an “ass,” as being truth in the natural (n. 2781). Hence it is plain that by “he binds to the vine his young ass” is signified conjunction through truth in the natural with the external church.
6376. And his ass’s colt unto the choice vine. That this signifies [through] truth from the rational for the internal church, is evident from the signification of a “vine,” as being the spiritual church (see n. 1069, 5113), thus a “choice vine” is the internal church, for the internal of the church is more excellent than its external; and from the signification of an “ass’s colt,” as being rational truth (n. 2781). The external of the church is distinguished from its internal in that the former is in the natural, thus in the external man; but the latter is in the rational, thus in the internal man. They who are in the external of the church are in truth, but they who are in its internal, are in good; the former are not so much affected with the good of charity as with the truth of faith; but the latter are affected with the good of charity and thence with the truth of faith. The latter are they who are signified by the “choice vine,” but the former by the “vine.”
6377. He washes his clothing in wine. That this signifies that His natural is Divine truth from His Divine good, is evident from the signification of “washing,” as being to purify (see n. 3147); from the signification of “wine,” as being the good of love toward the neighbor, and the good of faith, and in the supreme sense Divine truth from the Divine good of the Lord (of which presently); and from the signification of “clothing,” as being what is exterior, which covers what is interior (n. 5248); thus the natural, for this is exterior, and covers the rational which is interior; hence also “clothing” denotes truth, because truth is exterior, and covers good which is interior (n. 2576, 4545, 4763, 5319, 5954).
[2] That “wine” denotes love toward the neighbor and the good of faith, may be seen from what has been shown in respect to the bread and wine in the Holy Supper (n. 2165, 2177, 3464, 4581, 5915), namely, that the “bread” is the good of celestial love, and that the “wine” is the good of spiritual love. This may be seen also from the meat-offering and the drink-offering in the sacrifices, in which the “meat-offering” signified the good of love, and the “drink-offering” the good of faith, the meat-offering consisting of such things as signified the good of love, and the drink-offering of wine which signified the good of faith; moreover the very sacrifices were called “bread” (n. 2165). That a drink-offering of wine was employed in the sacrifices may be seen in Exod. 29:40; Lev. 23:12, 13, 18, 19; Num. 15:2-15; 28:6, 7, 18 to the end; 29:1-7.
[3] That “wine” signifies love toward the neighbor and the good of faith, is plain also from Isaiah:
Everyone that thirsteth, come ye to the waters, and he that hath no silver; come ye, buy and eat; yea come, buy wine and milk without silver and without price (Isa. 55:1);
everyone must know that they were not to buy wine and milk, but that which is signified by wine and milk, that is, love toward the neighbor and faith; these are given by the Lord without silver and without price.
[4] And in Hosea:
The threshing-floor and the winepress shall not feed them, and the new wine shall deceive them. Ephraim shall return into Egypt, and they shall eat what is unclean in Assyria. They shall not pour out wine to Jehovah; and their sacrifices shall not be pleasing unto Him (Hos. 9:2-4);
here also in the internal sense are meant the good of love and the good of faith, that they ceased; the good of love is the “threshing-floor,” from the grain there and the bread that comes from it; and the good of faith is the “wine press,” the “new wine,” and the “libation of wine:” that “Ephraim shall return into Egypt” denotes that the intellectual should consult memory-knowledges with respect to the secrets of faith; “they shall eat what is unclean in Assyria” denotes that which results from the consequent reasoning. (That “Ephraim” is the intellectual of the church, may be seen, n. 5354, 6222, 6238, 6267; also that “Egypt” is memory-knowledge, n. 1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, 5702; and “Assyria” reasoning, n. 1186.) Moreover the very connection shows that there is more in the words than appears in the letter; for in the internal sense there is coherence, but not in the external; as when it is said that “the threshing-floor and the winepress shall not feed them,” and that “the new wine shall deceive them,” and presently that “Ephraim shall return into Egypt, and they shall eat what is unclean in Assyria;” and moreover without the internal sense what could be meant by “Ephraim returning into Egypt,” and by their “eating what is unclean in Assyria?”
[5] The cessation of mutual love and of the good of faith is also described by a “winepress” and “wine” in Jeremiah:
Upon thy vintage hath the waster fallen; whence gladness was gathered, and joy from Carmel, and from the land of Moab, for I have caused wine to cease from the winepresses; he will not tread hedad* (Jer. 48:32, 33).
[6] That “wine” signifies the good of mutual love and of faith, is plain also in John:
I heard a voice out of the midst of the four animals saying, Hurt not the oil and the wine (Rev. 6:6);
where “oil” is the good of celestial love; and “wine,” the good of spiritual love.
[7] The like is meant by “oil and wine” in the Lord’s parable about the Samaritan, in Luke:
A certain Samaritan as he journeyed, and seeing him who had been wounded by thieves, was moved with compassion, wherefore coming to him he bound up his wounds, pouring in oil and wine (Luke 10:33, 34);
where “pouring in oil and wine” signifies that he performed the works of love and of charity. (That “oil” denotes the good of love may be seen above, n. 886, 3728.) The like was meant by the ancients pouring oil and wine upon a pillar when they sanctified it (Gen. 35:14; n. 4581, 4582).
[8] That “wine” denotes the good of love and of faith, is plain from the Lord’s words which He said of wine when He instituted the Holy Supper:
I say to you that I will not drink henceforth of this product of the vine until that day when I shall drink it new with you in My Father’s kingdom (Matt. 26:29; Luke 22:17, 18);
everyone can see that He would not drink wine there, but that there is signified the good of love and of faith, which He would give to those who are of His kingdom. The like is signified by “wine” in Isa. 24:9, 11; Lam. 2:11, 12; Hos. 14:7; Amos 9:13, 14; Zech. 9:15, 17; Luke 5:37-39.
[9] As “wine” signifies the good of love and of faith, therefore in the supreme sense it signifies the Divine truth from the Divine good of the Lord, for from this by influx the man who receives it has the good of love and of faith.
[10] As most expressions in the Word have also a contrary sense, so also has “wine,” in which sense “wine” signifies falsity from evil, as in Isaiah:
Woe unto them that rise up in the morning under the dawn, and follow strong drink; that tarry into the twilight, that wine may inflame them! Woe to the heroes to drink wine, and to men of strength to mingle strong drink! (Isa. 5:11, 22).
Again:
These also err through wine, and through strong drink go astray; the priest and the prophet err through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they go astray through strong drink; they err among the seer, they stumble in judgment (Isa. 28:7).
The shepherds know not to understand, they all look back to their own way. Come ye, I will take wine, and we will be drunken with strong drink; and let there be, on the morrow, as on this day, a great abundance (Isa. 56:11, 12).
And further (in Jer. 13:12; Hos. 4:11; 7:5; Amos 2:8; Mic. 2:11; Ps. 75:8; Deut. 32:33). Falsity from evil is also signified by the “cup of the wine of anger” (Jer. 25:15, 16; Rev. 14:8, 10; 16:19); and by the “wine press of the wine of the fury of the anger of God” (Rev. 19:15); and by the “wine of whoredom” (Rev. 17:2; 18:3).
* Hedad is supposed to have been a loud shout of rejoicing somewhat like our “Hurrah!” and therefore untranslatable. It is so treated by Swedenborg, who systematically leaves it just as it stands in the Hebrew. In explaining its meaning he says: “The ovation or rejoicing aloud of those who tread the winepress is meant by hedad” (Apocalypse Explained, n. 922:4). “By hedad is signified the end when the people were wont to rejoice aloud and utter a cry on the completion of the vintage and gathering in of the harvest” (AE 911:10).
6378. And his covering in the blood of grapes. That this signifies that His intellectual is Divine good from His Divine love, is evident from the signification of the “blood of grapes,” as being the good of love, and in the supreme sense the Lord’s Divine good from His Divine love (of which in what follows); and from the signification of a “covering,” as being the intellectual, for the intellectual is a recipient, and that which receives, being a vessel, is like a covering. That by a “covering” is signified the intellectual, and by “clothing” the natural (of which just above, n. 6377), is because there the subject treated of is what is external, but here what is internal; for in the Word, on account of the heavenly marriage, where it treats of what is external it treats also of what is internal; and where it treats of truth it treats also of good (see n. 6343). This sometimes appears like a repetition of the same thing, as here: “He washes his clothing in wine, and his covering in the blood of grapes,” where “wine” and the “blood of grapes” appear to be the same, and also “clothing” and “covering;” but they are not the same, because what is external and what is internal are thus expressed.
[2] That the “blood of grapes” denotes the Divine good from the Divine love of the Lord, is plain from the signification of “blood,” as being the Divine truth from the Divine good of the Lord (n. 4735); and by “grapes” in the supreme sense is signified the Lord’s Divine good which those have who are in His spiritual kingdom; and hence by “grapes” in the relative sense is signified the good of charity (n. 5117). By the “blood of the grape” the like is also signified in the song of Moses:
Butter of the herd and milk of the flock, with fat of lambs and of rams the sons of Bashan, and of he-goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou shalt drink the blood of the grape unmixed (Deut. 32:14).
6379. His eyes are red with wine. That this signifies that the intellectual or internal Human is nothing but good, is evident from the signification of “red,” as being the good of love, and this from fire and from blood, which are red (n. 3300), hence “red with wine” denotes that it is nothing but good; and from the signification of “eyes,” as being the intellectual (n. 2701, 3820, 4403-4421, 4523-4534); and because the Lord is here treated of, it is His internal human which is meant by “the intellectual,” for the external human is signified by “his teeth are white with milk,” as now follows.
6380. And his teeth are white with milk. That this signifies that the Divine natural is nothing but the good of truth, is evident from the signification of “white,” which is predicated of truth (see n. 3301, 3993, 4007, 5319); from the signification of “teeth,” as being in the genuine sense what is natural; for the things in man which are hard, as his teeth, bones, cartilages, correspond to the truths and goods which are of the lowest natural; and from the signification of “milk,” as being the celestial spiritual, or what is the same, the good of truth (n. 2184). That the Lord’s Divine natural is the good of truth is said relatively to men who are in faith and in love to the Lord; for they who are of the external church are not able to elevate the thought higher than to the Lord’s Divine natural; whereas they who are of the internal church elevate the thought above the natural to what is internal. For everyone who is in faith in the Lord has an idea of Him according to his capacity of elevating his thoughts; for they who know the nature of what is internal can have an idea of what is internal; but they who do not know the nature of what is internal have an idea of what is external. Hence it is that the Lord’s Divine natural is called the “good of truth,” when yet His whole Human is the Divine good of the Divine love.
6381. From what has now been said of Judah, it is very evident that there is an internal sense of the Word, and that unless what this sense involves is known, that which is signified by the things written of Judah cannot be known; as that he is a “lion’s whelp,” that he is “gone up from the prey,” that he “bowed and couched as a lion,” and “as an old lion;” and what is signified by a “lawgiver from between his feet,” by “Shiloh,” by “binding his young ass unto the vine, and his ass’s colt unto the choice vine,” by “washing his clothing in wine, and his covering in the blood of grapes,” by “his eyes being red with wine, and his teeth white with milk.” The meaning of all these things would lie completely hidden, unless they were uncovered by means of a sense that lies deeper.
6382. Verse 13. Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the seas, and he shall be at a haven of ships, and his side shall be toward Zidon. “Zebulun” signifies the cohabitation of good and truth; “shall dwell at the haven of the seas,” signifies life where there is conclusion of truth from memory-knowledges; “and he shall be at a haven of ships,” signifies where are doctrinal things from the Word; “and his side shall be toward Zidon,” signifies extension on one side to the knowledges of good and truth.
6383. Zebulun. That this signifies the cohabitation of good and truth, is evident from the representation of Zebulun, as being the heavenly marriage (see n. 3960, 3961), thus the conjunction of good and truth, for this conjunction is the heavenly marriage. It is said “the cohabitation of good and truth” because in the original language “Zebulon” means “cohabitation.” Here under the name of “Zebulon” are treated of those in the church who form conclusions about spiritual truths from memory-knowledges, and thus fortify them with themselves. But be it known that by “Zebulun” are not meant those who do not believe unless memory-knowledges and sensuous things declare for it, and who are until then in what is negative. Such never believe, for the reason that what is negative reigns universally, and when this is the case there flow in and are gathered together memory-knowledges which deny, but not those which confirm; the latter being cast to the sides, or explained to favor the negative memory-knowledges, whereby what is negative is fortified. But by “Zebulun” are here meant those who believe doctrinal things from the Word, thus with whom something affirmative reigns universally; and yet their faith has not its life in truths, but in memory-knowledges, for they apply these to doctrinal things, and thus fortify their affirmative. They who are “Zebulun,” therefore, do not elevate themselves from memory-knowledges; but when they hear or think of any truth of faith they at once fall back into memory-knowledge. There are many such in the world, and the Lord provides that memory-knowledges and sensuous things may serve them for this use.
6384. Shall dwell at the haven of the seas. That this signifies life where there is conclusion of truth from memory-knowledges, is evident from the signification of “haven,” as being the residence where memory-knowledges terminate and begin; here, the residence where there is conclusion of truth from memory-knowledges, for under the name of “Zebulun” those are here treated of with whom the truths of faith are in this residence; from the signification of “seas,” as being memory-knowledges in the complex (n. 28); and from the signification of “dwelling,” as being life (n. 1293, 3384, 3613, 4451, 6051). From this it is plain that by “dwelling at the haven of the seas” is signified life where there is conclusion of truth from memory-knowledges. (As regards this life see what has been said above, n. 6383.) Be it known further that this life is in the external or natural man, and with some in the lowest natural, or in the sensuous, for they have the truths of faith so bound to memory-knowledges that they cannot be elevated. Hence also they are in obscurity more than all others in the spiritual church; for they have but little light from the intellectual, because this has been immersed in memory-knowledges and sensuous things. The case is different with those who have been in what is affirmative, and have fortified the truths of faith by means of memory-knowledges; but yet so that they can be elevated from these knowledges, that is, from the natural where these are. The intellectual of these men has been enlightened, and from this is in a certain perception of spiritual truth, to which the memory-knowledges that are beneath serve as a mirror wherein the truths of faith and of charity appear and are acknowledged, as affections are in the face.
6385. And he shall be at a haven of ships. That this signifies where are doctrinal things from the Word, is evident from the signification of “haven,” as being a residence (see just above, n. 6384), thus where they are; and from the signification of “ships,” as being doctrinal things from the Word. That “ships” have this signification is because they pass through seas and rivers, and carry things useful for life; for by “seas” and “rivers” are signified knowledges and memory-knowledges; the useful things of life which they carry, are the doctrinal things and also the very truths from the Word which are signified by “ships,” as is plain from the following passages:
The isles shall trust in Me, and the ships of Tarshish in the beginning, to bring thy sons from far, their silver and their gold with them (Isa. 60:9);
“ships of Tarshish” denote doctrinal things and truths from the Word, wherefore it is said that they should “bring their sons, their silver and gold;” for by “sons” are signified those who are in truths; by “silver,” the truth itself; and by “gold,” good. Everyone can see that ships of Tarshish are not here meant, nor sons, silver, and gold.
[2] In Ezekiel:
Thy borders are in the heart of the sea, thy architects have perfected thy beauty. They have built all thy planks of fir-trees from Senir; they have taken the cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for thee. Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; they have made thy beam of ivory; the daughter of a step from the Isles of Kittim. Of fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was thy sail, that it might be to thee for an ensign; blue and crimson from the isles of Elishah was thy covering. The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy rowers: thy wise men, O Tyre, who were in thee, were thy pilots. The elders of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy caulkers; all the ships of the sea and their sailors were in thee, to trade thy trading (Ezek. 27:4-9);
this is said of Tyre, by which are signified the knowledges of good and truth (see n. 1201), which are described by what belongs to a ship, as “planks,” “mast,” “oars,” “beam,” “sail,” a “covering,” “rowers,” “pilots,” and “sailors.” That all these are not to be understood according to the letter must be plain to everyone; but when the knowledges of truth and good, which are “Tyre,” together with doctrinal things from the Word, are understood by “ships,” then all things fit together beautifully.
[3] In David:
O Jehovah, how manifold are Thy works! in wisdom hast Thou made them all. This sea great and wide in spaces; there go the ships; the whale which Thou hast formed to play therein (Ps. 104:24-26).
Again:
Let them sacrifice the sacrifices of confession; and declare the works of Jehovah with rejoicing. They that go down to the sea in ships, that do work in many waters, these see the works of Jehovah and His wonders in the deep (Ps. 107:22-24);
here also “ships” denote knowledges and doctrinal things; the “whale” denotes the generals of memory-knowledges (n. 42); and as “ships” are knowledges and doctrinal things, therefore it is said, “they that go down to the sea in ships see the works of Jehovah and His wonders in the deep;” for those see these things who are in the knowledges and doctrinal things from the Word.
[4] In Revelation:
The second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea, and the third part of the sea became blood, whence the third part of the creatures that were in the sea, and had souls, died; and the third part of the ships was destroyed (Rev. 8:8, 9);
the “great mountain burning with fire” denotes the love of self (n. 1691); the “sea,” the natural where memory-knowledges are (n. 28); “blood,” violence done to charity (n. 374, 1005); “creatures in the sea having souls,” truths of memory-knowledge with goods; a “third part,” something not yet complete (n. 2788); their “dying,” that they had no spiritual life (n. 6119); hence “the third part of the ships being destroyed” denotes that the truths and goods of doctrinal things from the Word were falsified. From all this may be known what is signified by this prophecy.
[5] But in the opposite sense “ships” signify the knowledges and doctrinal things of what is false and evil, as in Daniel:
At the time of the end shall the king of the south strive with him; therefore the king of the north shall rush upon him like a whirlwind, with chariot and with horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall come into the lands, and shall overflow and penetrate (Dan. 11:40);
the “king of the south” denotes truth from good; the “king of the north,” falsities from evil; “chariots with horsemen and with ships,” doctrinal things of falsity; the “lands,” churches, of which it is predicted that falsities from evils in the time of the end should overflow and penetrate them.
[6] In Revelation:
Every pilot, and everyone employed upon ships, and sailors, and all they who trade upon the sea, stood afar off, and cried when they saw the smoke of the burning of Babylon, saying, What city is like the great city? Woe, woe, the great city, wherein were made rich all that had ships in the sea by reason of her costliness! (Rev. 18:17-19);
it is evident that “ships” here denote the knowledges and doctrinal things of falsity and evil, because “Babylon” denotes worship which outwardly appears holy, and inwardly is profane. Moreover no one can fail to see that by “ships” something else than ships is here meant. In Isaiah:
Thus saith Jehovah your Redeemer, the Holy one of Israel, For your sake I have sent to Babylon, that I may throw down all her bars, and the Chaldeans, whose cry is in the ships (Isa. 43:14);
where the meaning is similar. Moreover falsities from evil are signified by “ships” in Isa. 2:11, 16; 23:1, 14; and in Ps. 48:7.
6386. And his side shall be toward Zidon. That this signifies extension on one side to the knowledges of good and truth, is evident from the signification of “side,” as being extension on one side; and from the signification of “Zidon,” as being exterior knowledges of good and truth (n. 1201). Here, where Zebulun is treated of, mention is made of knowledges, of doctrinal things, and of memory-knowledges, and it is said that there is extension on one side to the knowledges of good and truth, and also that there is conclusion of truth from memory-knowledges where there are doctrinal things from the Word; therefore it is necessary to say what is the distinction between these terms. Doctrinal things are those which are from the Word; knowledges are those which are from doctrinal things on the one side and from memory-knowledges on the other; and memory-knowledges are those which belong to experience, either one’s own or that of others.
6387. Verses 14, 15. Issachar is a bony ass, lying down between the burdens. And he shall see rest that it is good, and the land that it is pleasant; and he shall bow his shoulder to bear, and shall be a servant to tribute. “Issachar,” signifies reward from works; “is a bony ass,” signifies the lowest service; “lying down between the burdens,” signifies life among works; “and he shall see rest that it is good,” signifies works of good without reward, that they are full of happiness; “and the land that it is pleasant,” signifies that in this happiness are they who are in the Lord’s kingdom; “and he shall bow his shoulder to bear,” signifies that nevertheless he labors with all exertion; “and he shall be a servant to tribute,” signifies that he may have merit.
6388. Issachar. That this signifies reward from works, is evident from the representation of Issachar, as being the mutual love which is “hire,” or reward (n. 3956, 3957), here reward from works, as is plain from the details in the internal sense in this prophecy about Issachar. Moreover in the original tongue “Issachar” means “hire.” That “Issachar” here signifies reward from works, and previously mutual love, is because by “Issachar” are here meant those who are in a certain kind and appearance of mutual love, that is, of charity toward the neighbor, and who desire to be rewarded for the goods which they do. Thus they not only defile, but also pervert genuine mutual love, or charity; for they who are in genuine mutual love are in their delight and bliss when they are benefiting the neighbor, for they desire nothing more. This delight and bliss are what is meant by “hire” in the Word; for the delight and bliss is itself the reward; and in the other life this becomes the joy and happiness which are in heaven, thus it becomes heaven to them. For when they who are in this love perform uses, and do good to others, they are in such joy and happiness that then for the first time they seem to themselves to be in heaven; this is given them by the Lord, to everyone according to the uses he performs. But the happiness vanishes as soon as they think of reward, for being in the reward itself, thought about reward renders that love impure, and perverts it; the reason of which is that they are then thinking about themselves, and not about the neighbor, that is, about making themselves happy, and not others, except insofar as it affects themselves. Thus they convert love toward the neighbor into love toward themselves, and so far as they do this, so far the joy and happiness from heaven cannot be communicated to them, for they concentrate upon themselves the influx of happiness from heaven, and do not transmit it to others; and they are like objects which do not transmit the rays of light, but absorb them. Objects which transmit the rays of light appear in light, and sparkle, but those which absorb them appear opaque, and sparkle not at all; and therefore they who are of this nature are separated from angelic society, like those who have nothing in common with heaven. These are they who are here described under the name of “Issachar.”
6389. A bony ass. That this signifies the lowest service, is evident from the signification of an “ass,” as being service (see n. 5958, 5959); and from the signification of “bone,” as being that which has little spiritual life (n. 5560, 5561). Thus a “bony ass” is the lowest service; for they who do what is good for the sake of reward, do indeed perform uses, and are of service; but yet are among those in the Lord’s kingdom who are in the lowest place, for they do not dispense the good which is communicated to them, except to those who can recompense them; and they pass by the rest who need aid the most, or if they do good to these, it is from the end of being rewarded by the Lord. Hence what they do they regard as merit, and thus consider the Lord’s mercy as due them. In this way they recede from humiliation, and in the same proportion from a state of receiving what is blessed and happy through heaven from the Lord. From all this it is evident that in the other life such are indeed employed in uses, but as lowest services.
6390. Lying down between the burdens. That this signifies a life among works, is evident from the signification of “lying down,” as being life, but obscure life; and from the signification of “burdens,” as being works. That “burdens” denote such works is because those here treated of do not do goods from the affection of love toward the neighbor, but from the affection of love toward self. The works which flow from the affection of this love are like the burdens carried by the meaner asses, for they belong to the lowest services. For all servitude is from the affection of the love of self and of the world, and all freedom is from the affection of love to the Lord and toward the neighbor. The reason is that the affection of the former love flows in from hell, which commands with violence; whereas the affection of the latter love flows in from the Lord, who does not command, but leads. Hence again it is plain that they who do what is good for the sake of reward are lowest services, and their works are “burdens.” The like is signified by “burdens” in the book of Judges:
The princes in Issachar were with Deborah; and Issachar so with Barak; in the valley he shall be put under his feet, in the classes of Reuben great as to the resolves of heart. Why satest thou between the burdens, to hear the hissings of the flocks? (Judg. 5:15, 16);
here also “Issachar” denotes those who desire to be rewarded for works; “to be put in the valley under the feet” is to serve in lowest things; the “classes of Reuben” denote those who are in the knowledges of the truth of faith, among whom are those here signified by “Issachar,” but in a place beneath them; “to hear the hissings of the flocks” denotes contempt from those who are in the good of charity, who are the “flocks;” to “sit between burdens” denotes among self-meritorious works.
6391. And he shall see rest that it is good. That this signifies the works of good without reward, that they are full of happiness, is evident from the signification of “rest,” as being the things that belong to heaven, and thus that are in the good of charity, or in works of good, without reward (of which below); from the signification of “that it is good,” as being that they are full of happiness. The reason why “rest” denotes works of good without reward, is that in the highest sense “rest” or “peace” signifies the Lord; in the relative sense, heaven; thus the good which is from the Lord (see n. 3780, 4681, 5662); and as no others are in the things signified by “rest” or “peace” than those who are in good of charity, thus in works of good without reward, these are signified by “rest;” for this follows from the connection of things in the internal sense.
[2] With regard to the subject itself, they who do goods with the sole end of reward cannot possibly know that in doing goods without any reward there is happiness so great as to be heavenly happiness itself. The reason of their ignorance is that they perceive happiness in the delight of the love of self, and insofar as a man perceives delight in this love, so far he does not perceive delight in heavenly love, for they are opposites. The delight which flows from the love of self completely extinguishes the delight which is from heavenly love, insomuch that it is absolutely unknown what heavenly delight is; and if its nature is told it is not believed, nay, it is denied.
[3] This it has been given me to know from evil spirits in the other life who, while they lived, did nothing of what is good to others or to their country except for the sake of themselves; such do not believe that any delight is possible in doing goods without the end of reward; for they suppose that if there is no end of reward all delight ceases. And if they are told further that when that delight ceases heavenly delight begins, they are amazed at the hearing; and they are still more amazed when they hear that this heavenly delight flows in through the inmost of man, and affects his interiors with inexpressible happiness; and they say that they cannot comprehend it, nay, that they do not desire to do so; for they believe that if they were to lose the delight of the love of self, they would be very miserable, because they would then be deprived of all the joy of life; and they also call those simple who are in a different state. Not unlike these persons are those who do works with an end of reward; for they do good works for themselves, and not for others, because they regard themselves therein, and not the neighbor, nor their country, nor heaven, nor the Lord, except as those who are thus placed under an obligation to do them a service. Such are the things described in the internal sense of this verse about Issachar.
6392. And the land that it is pleasant. That this signifies that in this happiness are they who are in the Lord’s kingdom, is evident from the signification of “land,” as being the church, thus also the Lord’s kingdom (n. 662, 1066, 1067, 1413, 1607, 1733, 1850, 2117, 2118, 4447); that the “land” has this signification is because the land of Canaan, which is meant by the “land” in the Word, represented the Lord’s kingdom, and this because the church had been there from the most ancient time (n. 3038, 3481, 3686, 3705, 4447, 4454, 4516, 4517, 5136); and from the signification of “that it was pleasant,” which signifies the happiness that is in works of good without reward. It is said that “he shall see rest that it is good, and the land that it is pleasant,” and by both expressions is signified the happiness which is in the Lord’s kingdom, because “to see rest that it is good,” refers to what is celestial or to good, and “to see the land that it is pleasant,” refers to what is spiritual or to truth, and this on account of the marriage of good and truth (n. 6343). As to what further concerns happiness in works of good without reward, be it known that very few at this day know that in doing goods without the end of reward is heavenly happiness; for they do not know that there is any other happiness than in being advanced to honors, in being served by others, in abounding in riches, and in living in pleasures. That above these things there is a happiness which affects the interiors of man, thus that there is a heavenly happiness, and that this happiness is the happiness of genuine charity, they are deeply ignorant. Inquire of the wise of this day whether they know that this is heavenly happiness. From this also it is that many reject good works, believing that no one can do them without regard to self-merit; for they do not know that they who are led by the Lord desire nothing more than to do good works, and that they think of nothing less than of meriting by them. This is in the new will, which is given by the Lord to those who are being regenerated, for this will is the will of the Lord in the man.
6393. And he shall bow his shoulder to bear. That this signifies that nevertheless he labors with all exertion, is evident from the signification of “shoulder,” as being all power, or all exertion (see n. 1085, 4931-4937); and from the signification of “bearing a burden,” as being to do works for the sake of merit; hence by “bowing the shoulder to bear” is signified to labor with all exertion to do works for the sake of merit. The reason why this is called “bearing,” is that they do not do what is good from the affection of good, thus not from freedom, but from the affection of self, which is servitude (n. 6390).
[2] As further regards those who desire a reward for the works which they perform, be it known that they are never contented, but are indignant if they have not a greater reward than others; and if they see others more blessed than themselves, they are sad and find fault. Neither do they make bliss consist in inward bliss, but in outward, namely, in being eminent, in having dominion, and being served by angels, thus in being above the angels, consequently in being princes and great men in heaven; when yet heavenly bliss consists, not in wishing to rule, nor in being served by others, but in wishing to serve others, and in being the least; as the Lord teaches:
James and John the sons of Zebedee came, saying, Grant unto us that we may sit, one on Thy right hand, and the other on Thy left hand, in Thy glory. But Jesus said to them, Ye know not what ye ask. To sit on My right hand and on My left hand is not Mine to give, except to whom it has been prepared. Ye know that they who are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones have authority upon them. But it shall not be so among you; but whosoever will be great among you shall be your minister, and whosoever of you will be first shall be servant of all; for the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister (Mark 10:35-45).
[3] And that they have heaven who do what is good without the end of reward, the Lord teaches in Luke:
Everyone that exalteth himself shall be humbled, but he that humbleth himself shall be exalted. When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, nor thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbors, lest haply they also call thee in turn, and a recompense be made thee. But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind; then thou shalt be blessed; because they have not wherewith to recompense thee; for thou shalt be recompensed in the resurrection of the just (Luke 14:11-14);
the “recompense in the resurrection of the just” is internal happiness from doing well without reward, which they receive from the Lord when they perform uses; and they who love to serve without recompense, the more they love it, the more noble are the uses to which they are appointed, and they are in fact greater and more powerful than others.
[4] They who do good works for the sake of recompense, say the same, because they know from the Word that they should desire to be the least in heaven; but at the time they are thinking that by so saying they will become great, thus there is the same end in view; but they who do what is good without recompense, really think nothing about being eminent, but only about being of service.
[5] See what was said and shown above about merit from works, and about the quality of those who are in it in the other life, that they appear to cut wood and to mow grass (n. 1110, 1111, 4943) how they are represented (n. 1774, 2027); that they who have done what is good for the sake of self and the love of the world receive no recompense for this good in the other life (n. 1835); that they who place merit in works interpret the Word according to the letter in their favor, and that they deride its interior contents (n. 1774, 1877); that true charity is wholly void of self-merit (n. 2371, 2373, 2380, 3816); that they who separate faith from charity make the works which they have done self-meritorious (n. 2373); that they who enter into heaven put off from themselves what is their own and self-merit (n. 4007); that to believe that they do good from themselves, and that by this good they have merit, is the case with most persons in the beginning of reformation, but that they put this off as they are being regenerated (n. 4174).
6394. And he shall be a servant to tribute. That this signifies that he may have merit, is evident from the signification of “being a servant to tribute,” as being to be subject and to serve; and as it is said of those who desire to have merit through works that they are “bony asses, lying down between burdens,” and that “he bows the shoulder to bear,” by “being a servant to tribute” are also signified those who desire to have merit through works; for that they are lowest services was shown above (n. 6389). That “serving to tribute” denotes to be subject and to serve, is evident in Moses:
When thou drawest nigh unto a city to fight against it, thou shalt invite them unto peace; and it shall be, if it answer thee for peace, and open to thee, it shall be that all the people that is found therein shall become for tribute to thee, and shall serve thee (Deut. 20:10, 11).
In Jeremiah:
How hath the city dwelt solitary that was great in people! She is become as a widow. She that was great among the nations, who ruled in the provinces, she is become tributary (Lam. 1:1);
where it is plain that by “becoming for tribute,” and by “tributary,” is signified serving. In Matthew:
Jesus said, How seemeth it to thee, Simon? of whom do the kings of the earth receive tribute or tax? of their own sons, or of strangers? Peter saith to Him, Of strangers. Jesus saith to him, Therefore the sons are free. But lest we should be a stumbling-block to them, go thou to the sea, and cast a hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened its mouth thou shalt find a piece of money; that take, and give it for Me and thee (Matt. 17:25-27);
here also by “giving tribute,” or “tax,” are meant those who serve, and therefore it is said that “strangers should give and sons should be free,” for strangers were servants (see n. 1097). That Peter should take up a fish out of the sea and should find in its month a piece of money which he was to give, represented that the lowest natural, which serves, should do this; for “fishes” signify this natural.
6395. Verses 1-18. Dan shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan shall be a serpent upon the way, an arrow-snake upon the path, biting the horse’s heels, and his rider shall fall backward; I wait for thy salvation, O Jehovah. “Dan,” signifies those who are in truth and not as yet in good; “shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel,” signifies that he is one of the truths in general which the tribes of Israel represent; “Dan shall be a serpent upon the way,” signifies their reasoning about truth, because good does not as yet lead; “an arrow-snake upon the path,” signifies from truth about good; “biting the horse’s heels,” signifies fallacies from lowest nature; “and his rider shall fall backward,” signifies that hence comes a receding; “I wait for Thy salvation O Jehovah,” signifies unless the Lord brings aid.
6396. That Dan signifies those who are in truth and not as yet in good, is evident from the representation of Dan, as being the good of life (see n. 3921, 3923); but here those who are in some good of life from truth, but not as yet from good. For with the man who is being regenerated by the Lord the case is this. He is first in truth and not in any good of life from truth; next he is in the good of life from truth, but not yet from good; afterward, when he has been regenerated, he is in the good of life from good, and he then perceives truth from good, and multiplies it in himself; these are the degrees of regeneration. By “Dan” are meant those who are in the good of life from truth, but not yet from good; the good with them as yet lies deeply hidden in truth, and gives them the affection of truth, and impels them to live according to truth. They who are such are in the Lord’s kingdom; but as they do not do good from good, but from truth, that is, not from a new will, but from the intellectual, and thus not from love, but from obedience because it is so commanded, they are therefore among those in the Lord’s kingdom who are in the first or ultimate heaven.
[2] These are they who are represented by Dan, for in this prophetic utterance of Israel, in the internal sense, by his twelve sons are described in general all who are in the Lord’s kingdom in respect to their quality. That they who are signified by “Dan” are in the ultimate heaven, or in the ultimate part of the Lord’s kingdom, because in truth and not yet in good, was represented by the lot of Dan falling last, when the land of Canaan was distributed for an inheritance among the tribes (Josh. 19:40-48); and by their inheritance lying in the extremity of that land (Judg. 18); for the lot was cast before Jehovah (Josh. 18:6), and therefore fell to each one according to his representation. That the land of Canaan represented the Lord’s kingdom (see n. 1607, 3038, 3481, 3686, 3705, 4447, 4454), and hence all the borders were representative (n. 1607, 1866, 4116), thus the ultimates of that land represented the ultimates in the Lord’s kingdom (n. 4240); and therefore Dan represented those who are in the ultimates there; for before truth has been conjoined with good, it is in the ultimate; but if truth is completely separated from good, it is not then in any border of the Lord’s kingdom, but is outside of it.
[3] That the inheritance of Dan was the ultimate of the land of Canaan is evident from the fact that when the whole extent of that land was described, it was said, “from Beersheba even to Dan” (2 Sam. 3:10; 17:11; 24:15; 1 Kings 4:25). By “Beersheba” in these passages is signified the inmost of the land, because Abraham and Isaac dwelt there before Jerusalem and Zion became the inmost of the land.
[4] The quality of those who are in truth and not yet in good, was also represented by the Danites who sought out land where they might dwell (Judg. 18), in their leading away a Levite out of the house of Micah, and taking away his ephod, teraphim, and graven image; whereby is signified the worship of those who are in truth and not yet in good; for they adore external things and disregard internal. No one perceives what is internal but he who is in good. That this was represented by the Danites is evident from the fact that all the historicals of the Word, both those in the books of Moses, and those in the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, are representative of the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord’s kingdom; and so also is this story in the book of Judges about the Danites. As to what further concerns those who are in truth and not yet in good, their quality is described in the internal sense in what now follows about Dan.
6397. Shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel. That this signifies that he is one of the truths in general which the tribes of Israel represent, is evident from the signification of “judging,” as being truth in its office (of which below); from the signification of “people,” as being those who are in truth (n. 1259, 1260, 2928, 3295, 3581, 4619), here those who are in truth and not yet in good, for these are “Dan” or the “people” of Dan (n. 6396); and from the representation of the “tribes of Israel,” as being all the truths and goods of faith in general (see n. 3858, 3926, 3939, 4060, 6335). Hence by “he shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel” is signified that this truth, represented by Dan, is also among the general truths which the tribes of Israel represent. That “judging his people” denotes truth in its office, is because by the tribes of Israel are represented all truths in general, as may be seen from the passages above cited, and truths are what judge; thus by “judging his people” is signified truth in its office.
[2] We read in the Word that four and twenty elders are to sit upon thrones and judge nations and peoples; and that the twelve apostles are in like manner to sit upon thrones and judge the twelve tribes of Israel. He who does not know the internal sense of the Word may believe that so it will be. But how this is to be understood may be seen from the internal sense when it is known what is signified by the “four and twenty elders,” and by the “twelve apostles,” and by the “thrones,” namely, all truths in their complex, according to what is judgment. The like is here meant by “judging the people as one of the tribes of Israel,” not that they, or any elders of them, are to judge; but the truths themselves which are signified by them; consequently the Lord alone, for from Him all truth proceeds. Of the four and twenty elders, that they are to sit upon thrones and to judge, it is thus written in John:
Around the throne were four and twenty thrones, and upon the thrones I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed in white garments, who had upon their heads crowns of gold (Rev. 4:4; 11:16).
And again:
I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them (Rev. 20:4).
Of the twelve apostles it is thus written in Matthew:
Jesus said, Ye who have followed Me in the regeneration, when the Son of man shall sit upon the throne of His glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel (Matt. 19:28).
And in Luke:
I appoint unto you, as the Father has appointed unto Me a kingdom, that ye may eat and drink upon My table in My kingdom, and sit upon thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel (Luke 17:29, 30).
[3] That in these passages neither four and twenty elders nor twelve apostles are meant, but all truths and goods in general, is evident from the fact that no man, nor even an angel, can judge anyone; for no one but the Lord alone can know the interiors, what they are and what they will be, and this to eternity. (That by the “twelve apostles” the same is signified as by the “twelve tribes,” namely, all truths and goods in the complex, may be seen above, n. 2129, 2553, 3488, 3858.) From all this it is now plain that by “Dan shall judge his people as one of the tribes of Israel” is signified that the truth which is represented by Dan is one among the general truths through which is judgment.
6398. Dan shall be a serpent upon the way. That this signifies their reasoning about truth because good does not as yet lead, is evident from the representation of Dan, as being those who are in truth and not yet in good (see n. 6396); from the signification of a “serpent,” as being reasoning from what is sensuous (of which in what follows); and from the signification of “way,” as being truth (n. 627, 2333). Thus by “Dan being a serpent upon the way” is signified their reasoning about truth, because good does not yet lead. The quality of this reasoning and of the consequent truth, will be told in what follows.
[2] That a “serpent” denotes reasoning from what is sensuous, is because the interiors of man are represented in heaven by animals of various kinds, and hence in the Word the like are signified by the same animals. The sensuous things of man were represented by serpents because sensuous things are the lowest things in man, and are relatively earthly, and as it were creeping; as may also be seen from the forms through which sensuous things flow, concerning which, of the Lord’s Divine mercy elsewhere. Hence these sensuous things were represented by serpents, and even the Lord’s Divine sensuous was represented by the brazen serpent in the wilderness (n. 4211); and prudence and circumspection, in externals, is signified by “serpents” in Matthew:
Be ye wise as serpents, and harmless as doves (Matt. 10:16).
But when a man is in what is sensuous, remote from what is internal, as are those who are in truth and not yet in good and speaks from what is sensuous, then by the “serpent” is signified reasoning; here therefore, where Dan is treated of, is signified reasoning about truth, because good does not yet lead. In other cases malice, cunning, and deceit, are signified by “serpents,” but by poisonous serpents, as by “vipers” and the like, the reasoning of which is poison. (That the “serpent” denotes reasoning from what is sensuous may be seen above, n. 195-197; also that the “serpent” denotes all evil in general; and that evils are distinguished by different kinds of serpents n. 251, 254, 257.)
6399. An arrow-snake upon the path. That this signifies reasoning from truth about good, is evident from the signification of an “arrow-snake,” as being reasoning about good (of which presently); and from the signification of “path,” as being truth (n. 627, 2333, 3477). That an “arrow-snake upon the path” denotes reasoning from truth about good, is because by a “serpent” is signified reasoning, thus by an “arrow-snake” is signified the reasoning which projects itself, namely, from truth toward good; for with those who are represented by Dan truth is beneath, and good is above.
6400. Biting the horse’s heels. That this signifies fallacies from lowest nature, is evident from the signification of “biting,” as being to adhere, and thereby do harm to; and from the signification of a “horse’s heel,” as being fallacies from lowest nature; for the “heel” denotes the lowest natural and corporeal (see n. 259, 4938-4952), and a “horse,” the intellectual (n. 2761, 2762, 3217, 5321, 6125); here a “horse” denotes fallacies, because it denotes the intellectual of the lowest natural or sensuous. That they who are in truth and not yet in good are in fallacies from lowest nature, may be seen from the fact that truth is not in any light unless good is with it, or in it; for good is like a flame which emits light from itself; and when good meets with any truth, it not only illuminates it, but also brings it to itself into its own light. They therefore who are in truth and not yet in good, are in shade and darkness; because truth has no light from itself, and the light which they have from good is faint, like a light which is going out; and therefore when these persons think and reason about truth, and from truth about good, they are like those who see phantasms in the dark, and believe them to be real bodies; or who see marks on a wall in a shady place, and in fancy make of them the image of some man or animal; and yet when the light comes, they are seen to be mere marks without any form; and it is the same with truths with those here treated of, for they see as truths those things which are not truths, and which are rather to be likened to phantasms, and to marks on a wall. Moreover all the heresies in the church have arisen from those who have been in some truth from the Word, but not in good; to them heresy has appeared exactly like truth; and in like manner the falsities in the church. That they who have promulgated these have not been in good, may be seen from the fact that they have rejected the good of charity far behind the truth of faith, and have in part devised such things as do not at all agree with the good of charity.
[2] It is said that they who are in truth and not yet in good reason about good and truth from fallacies from lowest nature, and therefore it is necessary to say what fallacies are. Take for example the life after death. They who are in fallacies from lowest nature, as are those who are in truth and not yet in good, do not believe that there is anything alive in man except his body, nor that when man dies he can rise again unless he again receives his body. If they are told that there is an interior man who lives in the body, and who is raised up by the Lord when the body dies, and that the man when raised has a body such as spirits or angels have, and that he sees, hears, speaks, is in company with others, and appears to himself exactly like a man, just as does a man in this world, they cannot apprehend it. Fallacies from lowest nature make them believe such things to be impossible, chiefly because they do not see them with the eyes of their body.
[3] Moreover when such persons think about the spirit or soul, they have no idea whatever about it except such as they have of the invisible things in nature, whence they make it either a mere breath, or aerial, or ethereal, or like a flame; some a mere thinking power which has scarcely any vitality until it is again joined to the body. The reason why they think in this way is that to them all interior things are in shade and darkness, and only outward things are in light, which shows how easily they may fall into error; for if they think only of how the body is to be put together again; of the destruction of the world, and that this has been vainly awaited for so many ages; of brute animals having a life not unlike the life of man; and that none of the dead appear and make known the state of their life-when they think these and other such things, they easily recede from belief in the resurrection; and so in many other cases. The reason is that they are not in good, and through good in light. Such being their state, it is also said, “and his rider shall fall backward; I wait for Thy salvation, O Jehovah.” By this is signified that hence comes a receding unless the Lord brings aid.
6401. And his rider shall fall backward. That this signifies that hence comes a receding, is evident from the signification of “falling backward,” as being to recede, namely, from truth; and from the signification of “rider,” as being one who is in fallacies from lowest nature. (That these fallacies are signified by “horse” may be seen above, n. 6400; and therefore by “rider” are signified they who are in fallacies. How the case herein is, has just been shown.) As by “Dan” are signified those within the church who are such as were described above (n. 6400), and who thus are among the last in the Lord’s kingdom, therefore by “Dan” are also signified those who from fallacies hatch falsities and spread them about. Their falsities are also called “horses,” and their reasonings about truth and good, “serpents,” in Jeremiah:
The snorting of his horses was heard from Dan; at the voice of the neighing of his strong ones the whole land trembled; and they are come and have devoured the land and the fullness thereof, the city and those that dwell therein. For behold I send among you serpents, vipers, which will not be charmed; and they shall bite you (Jer. 8:16-17).
6402. I wait for Thy salvation, O Jehovah. That this signifies unless the Lord brings aid, is evident from the signification of “waiting for salvation,” as here being to bring aid. (That “Jehovah” is the Lord may be seen above, n. 1343, 1736, 2156, 2329, 2447, 2921, 3023, 3035, 5663, 6303.) In regard to the aid which the Lord brings when they recede who are in truth and not yet led by good, which is signified by “the rider shall fall backward, I wait for Thy salvation O Jehovah,” be it known that they look downward or outward, for they are not yet in good; whereas they who are in good, as are the regenerate, look upward or inward; for when man is being regenerated, the order is changed in this way. As they who are in truth and not yet in good look downward or outward, therefore also they are among those who belong to the province of the outer skin in the Grand Man; for the outer skin is turned outward from the interiors of the body, and gets its sense of touch from what is without, but not sensibly from what is within. Hence it is plain that these persons are in the Lord’s kingdom, because in the Grand Man, but in its ultimates. (As to those who constitute the skin, see above, n. 5552-5559.)
6403. Verse 19. Gad, a troop shall ravage him, and he shall ravage the heel. “Gad,” signifies works from truth and not yet from good; “a troop shall ravage him,” signifies works without judgment, that they will drive away from truth; “and he shall ravage the heel,” signifies disorder thence in the natural.
6404. That Gad signifies works from truth and not yet from good, is evident from the representation of Gad, as being works (see n. 3934, 3935), here works from truth and not yet from good, as is evident from the description in the internal sense. This also follows in order, for by Dan just above are represented those who are in truth and not yet in good (n. 6396); here now by Gad are represented those who are in works from truths and not yet from good. The quality of these works will now be shown.
6405. A troop shall ravage him. That this signifies works without judgment, that they will drive away from truth, is evident from the signification of a “troop,” as being works (see n. 3934), here works without judgment; for they who do works from truth and not yet from good have obscure understanding, whereas they who do works from good have the understanding enlightened, because good enlightens; for the light of truth from the Lord flows into the intellectual through good, and thus into truth, but not into truth immediately. The case herein is like that of the sun’s light, which inflows through heat into the subjects of the vegetable kingdom, trees, plants, and flowers, and causes them to grow and blossom, but not immediately; for when the light flows in without heat, as in winter, nothing grows and blossoms. Moreover “to ravage him” denotes to drive away from truth.
[2] But who they are that are here signified by “Gad,” shall be told. They are such as fall into illusion with respect to truth, and yet do works from this; thus works not of truth, still less of good. By such works they are driven away from truth, for as soon as a man who is in truth and not yet in good brings anything into act from his religiosity, he afterward defends it as if it were the veriest truth, and abides in it, nor does he admit any amendment of it, except insofar as he comes into good; for by so acting he imbues himself with it and loves it. Thus works drive him away from truth. Besides, he believes those things to be truths which are not truths, for these persons also, like those signified by “Dan,” judge from what is sensuous, thus without judgment. Let this be illustrated by examples. When one who counts everyone equally his neighbor, and thus benefits the evil equally with the good, and by thus conferring benefits on the evil does harm to others, has committed such acts repeatedly, he afterward defends them, saying that everyone is his neighbor, and that it is not his concern what his quality is, but only to confer benefits on him; thus he does works without judgment, and also contrary to the truth itself; for the truth itself is that all are the neighbor, but in a different degree, and that they are the neighbor more than others who are in good (see n. 2417, 3419, 3820, 5025).
[3] By “Gad” are also signified those who make all salvation consist in works alone, like the Pharisee of whom the Lord says in the parable:
The Pharisee standing by himself prayed thus, God, I thank Thee that I am not as other men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this publican. I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess (Luke 18:11, 12);
thus holding external things as the veriest truths. They who are such are also in the Lord’s kingdom, but on the threshold, and therefore the Lord says, “I say unto you, the publican went down to his house justified more than the Pharisee” (Luke 18:14), thus that the Pharisee also went down justified, because he had done works from obedience to command. In a word, by Gad are represented those who call that truth which is not truth, and from this non-truth do works; hence their works are like the truths, for works are nothing but the will and understanding in act. That which saves these men is the intention to do what is good, and something of innocence in their ignorance.
[4] They who are in external works from that which is not truth, but which they believe to be truth, are signified by “Gad” also in Isaiah:
Ye that forsake Jehovah, that forget the mountain of My holiness, that set out a table for Gad, and that fill a drink-offering unto Meni (Isa. 45:11);
“to set out a table for Gad” denotes to be in works alone. And in Jeremiah:
Against the sons of Ammon, thus saith Jehovah: [Are there no sons] to Israel? hath he no heir? wherefore doth his king inherit Gad, and his people dwell in the cities thereof? (Jer. 49:1);
“to inherit Gad” denotes to live in works from that which is not truth; the “sons of Ammon” are they who falsify truths, and live according to them when falsified (n. 2468), to whom these things about Gad are applied by the prophet.
6406. He shall ravage the heel. That this signifies a want of order thence in the natural, is evident from the signification of “ravaging,” as being to drive away from truth (see just above, n. 6405), thus to disturb the order, or cause a want of order; and from the signification of “heel,” as being the lowest natural (n. 259, 4938-4952). Hence it is plain that by “he shall ravage the heel” is signified a want of order in the natural. They who do works from truth and not yet from good, must needs cause in their natural a want of order, for works affect the natural; and consequently they must needs to this extent close their interiors; for the plane in which the interiors terminate is the natural, and if this is devoid of order, all that which flows in from the interiors also becomes devoid of order; and all that which is devoid of order is dark and opaque, so that they cannot see what is truth, but in this opacity and darkness they seize for truth what is not truth, and from this non-truth do their works. Moreover works are most necessary, for they are charity and faith in effect and in life, and who cannot see that without them there is no charity? Works are nothing but good and truth themselves in outward form; for good which is of the will, and truth which is of the understanding, when put forth into act, are called “works;” hence it is evident that such as are the good and truth, such are the works.
6407. Verse 20. From Asher his bread is fat, and he shall yield the delights of a king. “From Asher,” signifies the blessedness of the affections; “his bread is fat,” signifies delight from good; “and he shall yield the delights of a king,” signifies pleasantness from truth.
6408. From Asher. That this signifies the blessedness of the affections, namely, of the celestial affections which are of love to the Lord and of charity toward the neighbor, is evident from the representation of Asher, as being the happiness of eternal life, and the blessedness of the affections (see n. 3938, 3939). Moreover Asher was so called from “blessedness.” This blessedness cannot be easily described, because it is internal, and seldom shows itself with anyone in the very body, thus seldom to the sense. For during his life in the body, man has a distinct sensation of what takes place in his body, but a very obscure one of what takes place in his spirit, because while man is in the body worldly cares act as a hindrance, and where these cares exist the blessedness of the affections cannot flow so far as into the bodily sense unless natural and sensuous things have been reduced to agreement with inward ones, and even then only obscurely, as a tranquillity from contentment of mind; but after departure from this life it manifests itself, and is perceived as something blessed and happy, and then it affects both the interiors and the exteriors. In a word, the blessedness of the celestial affections is that of the soul or spirit itself, flowing in by an internal way, and penetrating toward the body, where it is received so far as the delights of natural and sensuous loves do not stand in the way.
[2] Not a whit of this blessedness is possible with those who are in the delight of the love of self and of the world, for these loves are totally opposite; and therefore they who are in these loves cannot at all comprehend that there is any blessedness except that of being exalted to dignities, being worshiped as deities, abounding in riches, and possessing greater wealth than others. If they are told that the delight from these loves is external, and perishes with the body, and that what remains in the mind is turned after death into sadness and gloom, such as prevail in the hells; and that there is an internal delight which is the satisfaction and happiness enjoyed by those who are in heaven; these things they do not at all comprehend, because the external reigns with them and the internal is closed. From all this it may be known what is meant by the blessedness of the affections which is signified by “Asher.”
6409. His bread is fat. That this signifies delight from good, is evident from the signification of “fat,” as being delight; for by “fatness” is signified what is celestial, or the good of love (see n. 353, 5943); but when the word “fat” is used, and is joined to “bread,” which signifies the good of love, then by “fat” is signified the delight of this love. (That “bread” signifies the good of love may be seen above, n. 276, 680, 2165, 2177, 3464, 3478, 3735, 3813, 4211, 4217, 4735, 4976, 5915.)
6410. And he shall yield the delights of a king. That this signifies pleasantness from truth, is evident from the signification of “delights,” as being what is pleasant; and from the signification of a “king,” as being truth (see n. 1672, 1728, 2015, 2069, 3009, 4575, 4581, 4966, 5044, 6148); thus “to yield the delights of a king” denotes what is pleasant from truth. Mention is made of both “delight from good” and “pleasantness from truth” on account of the heavenly marriage in everything of the Word (n. 6343). The delight from good and the pleasantness from truth which cause blessedness in heaven, do not consist in idleness, but in activity; for in idleness delight and pleasantness become undelight and unpleasantness; but in activity delight and pleasantness are permanent and constantly uplift, and cause blessedness. With those who are in heaven, activity consists in the performance of uses (which to them is delight from good), and in relishing truths with the end of uses (which to them is pleasantness from truth).
6411. Verse 21. Naphtali is a hind let loose, giving discourses of elegance. “Naphtali,” signifies the state after temptations; “is a hind let loose,” signifies the freedom of natural affection; “giving discourses of elegance,” signifies gladness of mind.
6412. That Naphtali signifies the state after temptations is evident from the representation of Naphtali as being temptation, and also the state after temptations (n. 3927, 3928). Moreover Naphtali is so named from “wrestlings,” which in the spiritual sense are temptations.
6413. Is a hind let loose. That this signifies the freedom of natural affection, is evident from the signification of a “hind,” as being natural affection (of which below); and from the signification of “let loose,” as being freedom, for when a captured hind is let loose it has freedom. Deliverance from a state of temptations is compared to a “hind let loose,” because the hind is an animal of the forest, loving freedom more than other animals, in which the natural also resembles it; for this loves to be in the delight of its affections, consequently in freedom, for freedom is that which belongs to affection. The reason why a “hind” signifies natural affection, is that it is one of the beasts which are significative of [good] affections, as are all those which are for food and use, such as lambs, sheep, goats, and kids, and also oxen, bullocks, and cows; but these beasts are also significative of spiritual affections, because burnt-offerings and sacrifices were made of them, whereas hinds, not being employed for such a use, were significative of natural affections. (That “beasts” signify affections may be seen above, n. 45, 46, 142, 143, 246, 714, 715, 719, 776, 1823, 2179, 2180, 3519, 5198; also that their signifying affections is from the representatives in the world of spirits, n. 3218, 5198.)
[2] Natural affections are also signified by “hinds” in David:
Jehovah maketh my feet like those of hinds, and stationeth me upon my high places (Ps. 18:33).
And in Habakkuk:
Jehovih the Lord is my strength, who setteth my feet like those of hinds, and maketh me to march upon my high places (Hab. 3:19).
“To make the feet like those of hinds” denotes the natural in the freedom of the affections (that “feet” are the natural, see n. 2162, 3147, 3761, 3986, 4280, 4938-4952, 5327, 5328). That “to set the feet as those of hinds” has this signification, may be seen from the fact that to make the feet nimble and active to run like those of hinds is not anything spiritual; and yet that something spiritual is involved, is plain from what immediately follows, that “Jehovah will set him and cause him to march upon his high places,” whereby is signified spiritual affection, which is above natural affection. So with this passage in Isaiah:
The lame shall leap as a hart (Isa. 35:6);
for by the “lame” is signified one who is in good, but not as yet genuine (n. 4302).
[3] In David:
As the hart crieth after the water brooks, so crieth my soul after Thee (Ps. 42:1);
the “hart” here is the affection of truth; “to cry after the water brooks” denotes to long for truths. (That “waters” are truths, see n. 2702, 3058, 3424, 4976, 5668.)
[4] In Jeremiah:
Out of the daughter of Zion hath gone forth all her honor; her princes are become like harts, they have found no pasture (Lam. 1:6);
where the “daughter of Zion” denotes the affection of good, which affection is of the celestial church (n. 2362); “princes” denote the primary truths of that church (n. 1482, 2089, 5044), which are compared to “harts,” whereby are signified the affections of natural truth; and by the “harts not finding pasture,” are signified natural affections without truths and their goods. (That a “pasture” denotes truth and the good of truth, which sustain the spiritual life of man, see above, n. 6078, 6277.)
[5] So by “hinds” in Jeremiah:
The earth has been broken in pieces, in that there hath not been rain in the land, the husbandmen have been ashamed, they have covered over their heads, because even the hind hath brought forth in the field, but forsook it, because there was no grass (Jer. 14:4, 5);
the “hind” denotes the affection of natural good; “hath brought forth in the field” denotes to conjoin the natural affections with the spiritual things of the church; but because these affections were devoid of truths and goods, it is said that she “forsook, because there was no grass.” Everyone can see that there is an internal sense in what is here said about the hind; for without an internal sense what could be here meant by the “hind bringing forth in the field, but forsaking, because there was no grass?”
[6] In like manner in David:
The voice of Jehovah hath made the hinds to calve, and strippeth bare the forests; but in His temple everyone saith, Glory (Ps. 29:9);
that there is an internal sense which is spiritual in the words “the voice of Jehovah hath made the hinds to calve” is very evident from the fact that immediately afterward it is said, “but in His temple everyone saith, Glory,” which words without the spiritual sense do not cohere with what is said before about hinds and forests.
6414. Giving discourses of elegance. That this signifies gladness of mind, is evident from the signification of “discourses of elegance,” as being gladness of mind; for all discourse proceeds from the mind, and when the mind is glad and cheerful, it speaks with elegance. (That after temptations come gladness and delight, see above, n. 1992, 3696, 4572, 5628.)
6415. From what was said by Israel in this prophetic utterance about Dan, Gad, Asher, and Naphtali, it is very plain that there is an internal sense and that without this sense scarcely anything can be understood and known; such as that “Dan shall be a serpent upon the way, an arrow-snake upon the path, biting the horse’s heels, and that his rider shall fall backward;” that “a troop shall ravage Gad, and he shall ravage the heel;” that “Asher’s bread shall be fat, and he shall give the delights of a king;” and that “Naphtali is a hind let loose, giving discourses of elegance.” Who without the key from the internal sense can know what these things mean? That they were not said of the sons of Jacob, nor of the tribes, may be seen from the fact that nothing of the kind here described befell them in the “end of days,” when yet Israel says that he would tell them what should then befall them (verse 1); and as they were not said of them, it follows that they were said of such things as are represented by them, the nature of which has been unfolded above.
6416. Verses 22-26. Joseph is the son of a fruitful one, the son of a fruitful one over a fountain, of a daughter, she marcheth upon the wall. And embitter him, and shoot at him, and hate him, the archers. And he shall sit in the strength of his bow, and the arms of his hands are made strong by the hands of the mighty Jacob; from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel. By the God of thy father, and He shall help thee, and with Shaddai, and He shall bless thee, with blessings of heaven above, with blessings of the deep that lieth beneath, with blessings of the breasts and of the womb. The blessings of thy father shall prevail above the blessings of my progenitors, even to the desire of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of the Nazirite of his brethren. “Joseph is the son of a fruitful one,” signifies the spiritual church, in the supreme sense the Lord as to the Divine spiritual; “the son of a fruitful one over a fountain,” signifies fruitfulness from truth from the Word; “of a daughter, she marcheth upon the wall,” signifies for fighting against falsities; “and embitter him” signifies resistance by falsities; “and shoot at him,” signifies that they fight from these falsities; “and hate him, the archers,” signifies with all hostility; “and he shall sit in the strength of his bow,” signifies that he is safe by means of the fighting truth of doctrine; “and the arms of his hands are made strong,” signifies the power of the forces for fighting; “by the hands of the mighty Jacob,” signifies by the omnipotence of the Lord’s Divine Human; “from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel,” signifies that from this is all the good and truth in the spiritual kingdom; “by the God of thy father, and He shall help thee,” signifies the God of the Ancient Church; “and with Shaddai,” signifies the Lord the benefactor after temptations; “and He shall bless thee with the blessings of heaven above,” signifies with good and truth from within; “with blessings of the deep that lieth beneath,” signifies with the memory-knowledges that are in the natural; “with blessings of the breasts,” signifies with the affections of good and truth; “and of the womb,” signifies their conjunction; “the blessings of thy father shall prevail above the blessings of my progenitors,” signifies that this church has spiritual good from the natural, not from the rational; “even to the desire of the everlasting hills,” signifies to celestial mutual love; “they shall be on the head of Joseph,” signifies these things as to the interiors; “and on the crown of the head of the Nazirite of his brethren,” signifies as to the exteriors.
6417. Joseph is the son of a fruitful one. That this signifies the spiritual church, in the supreme sense the Lord as to the Divine spiritual, is evident from the representation of Joseph, as being in the supreme sense the Lord as to the Divine spiritual, in the internal sense the spiritual kingdom and the good of faith, and in the external sense fruitfulness and multiplication (see n. 3969, 3971); and because “Joseph” denotes the fruitfulness of good and the multiplication of truth, he is called the “son of a fruitful one.” By “Joseph” is here described the Lord’s spiritual kingdom, and above by “Judah” His celestial kingdom; for there are two kingdoms which constitute heaven, the celestial and the spiritual. The celestial kingdom constitutes the inmost or third heaven; the spiritual kingdom, the middle or second heaven. To the spiritual kingdom the Lord appears as a moon; but to the celestial kingdom as a sun (n. 1053, 1521, 1529-1531, 4060). It is said that by Joseph in the supreme sense is represented the Lord as to the Divine spiritual, but the case is this. The Lord is nothing else than Divine good; that which proceeds from His Divine good and flows into heaven, in His celestial kingdom is called the “Divine celestial,” and in His spiritual kingdom the “Divine spiritual;” thus the Divine celestial and the Divine spiritual are so called relatively to the receptions.
6418. The son of a fruitful one over a fountain. That this signifies fruitfulness from truth from the Word, is evident from the signification of a “son,” as being truth (see n. 489, 491, 533, 2623, 2803, 2813, 3373, 3704); and from the signification of a “fruitful one,” as being fruitfulness from truth, for in the spiritual sense fruitfulness, like birth and nativity, is that of truth and good (n. 1145, 1255, 3860, 3868, 4070, 4668, 5598); and from the signification of a “fountain,” as being the Word (n. 2702, 3424, 4861). Hence it is evident that by the “son of a fruitful one over a fountain,” is signified fruitfulness from truth from the Word. They who are of the Lord’s spiritual church, which church is here represented by Joseph, from truth from the Word learn to know what is good, and thus through truth are initiated into good; hence they have the fruitfulness which is signified by a “fruitful one.”
6419. Of a daughter, she marcheth upon the wall. That this signifies for fighting against falsity, is evident from the signification of a “daughter,” as being the church (see n. 2362, 3963); here the spiritual church, because this is the subject here treated of; and from the signification of “marching upon the wall,” as being for fighting against falsity, as is plain from what follows: “the archers embitter him, and shoot at him, and hate him, and he shall sit in the strength of his bow,” whereby is signified the fighting of falsity against truth.
[2] “To march upon the wall” is said because in the internal sense the subject treated of is assault on truth by falsities, and defense of truth against falsity; for the spiritual church, which is represented by Joseph, is continually being assaulted, but the Lord continually defends it. Hence in the Word what belongs to this church is compared to a city, which has a wall, outworks, gates, and bars; and by the assaults on that city are described the assaults on truth by falsities; hence also a “city” signifies doctrinal things (n. 402, 2268, 2449, 2712, 2943, 3216, 4492, 4493), and its “wall” the truths of faith which defend it, and in the opposite sense the falsities which are being destroyed. That a “wall” signifies the truths of faith which defend, is plain in Isaiah:
We have a strong city; salvation will He appoint for walls and bulwark. Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation which keepeth faithfulnesses may enter in (Isa. 26:1).
Again:
Thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise (Isa. 60:18).
Again:
Behold I have graven thee upon the hands, thy walls are continually before Me (Isa. 49:16);
“walls” denote the truths of faith. Again:
I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem; they shall not be silent all the day and the night, keeping Jehovah in mind (Isa. 62:6);
where the sense is the same. In Jeremiah:
Thus said Jehovah Zebaoth, I will turn back the weapons of war wherewith ye fight with the king of Babylon, besieging you without the wall. I myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand (Jer. 21:4, 5).
Again:
Jehovah hath purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion; He hath made the rampart and wall to lament; they languish together. Her gates have sunk into the earth; He hath destroyed and broken her bars (Lam. 2:8, 9).
In Ezekiel:
The sons of Arvad and thine army were upon thy walls round about; and the Gammadim were in thy towers; they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about, they have perfected thy beauty (Ezek. 27:11);
speaking of Tyre, by which are signified the knowledges of good and truth.
[3] That such things are signified by a “city” and “walls,” is very evident from the description of the holy Jerusalem coming down out of heaven, which was seen by John. That a new church is signified thereby is plain from all the details; and by the “wall” thereof, the Divine truth proceeding from the Lord. It is written of this in John:
The holy Jerusalem coming down from heaven, having a wall great and high; having twelve gates. The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb. He that spake with me measured the city and its gates, and the wall thereof. The wall thereof was a hundred forty and four cubits, which is the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. The building of the wall was jasper; and the city was pure gold, like unto pure glass. The foundations of the wall of the city were adorned with every precious stone (Rev. 21:10-19);
[4] that the “wall” is the Divine truth proceeding from the Lord, and hence the truth of faith from the good of charity, is plain from everything said about the wall, that it “had twelve foundations and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb,” for by “twelve” are signified all (see n. 3272, 3858, 3913); by the “wall” and its “foundations,” the truths of faith, in like manner as by the “twelve apostles” (n. 3488, 3858, 6397); also that the “wall was one hundred and forty-four cubits,” for by this number the like is signified as by “twelve,” namely all, for it is twelve multiplied into twelve, and because this number when applied to a wall signifies all the truths and goods of faith, it is added that it is the “measure of a man, that is, of an angel;” and also that the “building of the wall was jasper, and its foundations were adorned with every precious stone,” for by “jasper” and “precious stones” are signified the truths of faith (n. 114).
[5] That in the opposite sense a “wall” signifies falsities which are being destroyed, is plain from the following:
A day of tumult in the valley of vision; the Lord Jehovih Zebaoth destroyeth the wall, and there is a shout toward the mountain; for Elam hath borne the quiver, with chariot of man, with horsemen, the horsemen placing have placed themselves even at the gate (Isa. 22:5-7).
Again:
The fortress of the refuge of thy walls shall He depress, cast down, throw to the earth, even to the dust (Isa. 25:12).
In Jeremiah:
Go ye up on her walls, and cast down (Jer. 5:10).
Again:
I will kindle a fire in the wall of Damascus which shall devour the palaces of Benhadad (Jer. 49:27).
Again:
Lift up a standard against the walls of Babylon, keep the watch, set the watchmen (Jer. 51:12).
In Ezekiel:
They shall overthrow the walls of Tyre, and destroy her towers; and I will scrape her dust from her, and make her the dryness of a rock (Ezek. 26:4).
6420. And embitter him. That this signifies resistance by falsities, is evident from the signification of “to embitter,” as being resistance, for in proportion as the resistance is great, so is the embittering during the fight now treated of. That the resistance is by falsities, is plain from what follows.
6421. And shoot at him. That this signifies that from these falsities they fight, is evident from the signification of “shooting at,” as being to fight from falsities; for a “bow” signifies doctrine, and “arrows” or “darts” those things which are of doctrine; thus the truths of doctrine with those who are in truths, and the falsities of doctrine with those who are in falsities (see n. 2686, 2709). That “to shoot” here denotes to fight from falsities, is because the subject here treated of is those who are in falsities.
6422. And hate him, the archers. That this signifies with all hostility, is evident from the signification of “hatred,” as being all hostility, for he who holds anyone in hatred persecutes him with all hostility so far as he is able; and from the signification of “archers,” as here being they who are opposed to the men of the spiritual church; for a “shooter with a bow,” or “archer,” denotes the spiritual man, because a “bow” signifies the doctrinal things of the spiritual church (see n. 2686, 2709). Hence in the opposite sense a “shooter with a bow,” or “archer,” denotes one who as an enemy fights with the spiritual man. (That a “shooter with a bow,” or “archer,” denotes the spiritual man, may be seen above, n. 2686, 2709.) Hence it is plain that by the “archers hating him” is signified that they who are in falsities persecute the man of the spiritual church with all hostility.
6423. And he shall sit in the strength of his bow. That this signifies that he is safe by means of the fighting truth of doctrine, is evident from the signification of “sitting,” as being to be safe, for he who sits in the strength of his bow is safe; and from the signification of a “bow,” as being doctrine (see n. 2686, 2709). The strength of doctrine is truth, for doctrine in which there is no truth is of no avail (that to truth belong power and strength, see above, n. 878, 3091, 4931, 4934, 4937, 6344). The reason why truth is strong, is that good acts through truth; for good is of such a nature that nothing of evil or of falsity can approach it, thus none of the infernal crew, who flee far away when good approaches, or an angel who is in good. But in order that good may fight with that crew which is with man from hell, and protect him in every way, and also protect the spirits who arrive from the world, and likewise those who are in the lower earth, it acts through truth, for in this way it can approach them.
[2] How much power there is in truth has been made evident to me by what it has been given me to see in the other life. A certain spirit who was in natural truth, because during his life in this world he had been a just man, passed through a number of hells, and spoke with me from thence, and described them; he was in power and strength so great that the infernal spirits could not at all infest him, so that he passed safely from one hell into another, which is quite impossible for those who are not in truth. From all this it is evident that by “sitting in the strength of a bow” is signified to be safe by means of the truth of doctrine: that it is by truth fighting, follows from what goes before, where it is said that “the archers shoot at him and hate him.”
6424. And the arms of his hands are made strong. That this signifies the power of the forces for fighting, is evident from the signification of “arms” and “hands,” as being powers, (see n. 878, 3091, 3387, 4931-4937, 5327, 5328, 5544); that it is the power of the forces for fighting is clear, because fighting is what is being treated of.
6425. By the hands of the mighty Jacob. That this signifies by the omnipotence of the Lord’s Divine Human, is evident from the signification of “hands,” as being power (of which just above, n. 6424), and in the supreme sense, in which the Lord is treated of, omnipotence (n. 878, 3387, 4592, 4933); and from the signification of the “mighty Jacob,” as being the Lord’s Divine natural, thus His Divine Human (see n. 1893, 3305, 3576, 3599, 4286, 4538, 6098, 6185, 6276). That it is the Lord who is meant by the “mighty Jacob,” is evident also in David:
Who sware to Jehovah, he vowed unto the mighty Jacob, Surely I will not come into the tent of my house until I find out a place for Jehovah, the habitations of the mighty Jacob (Ps. 132:2, 3, 5).
And in Isaiah:
That all flesh may know that I Jehovah am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty Jacob (Isa. 49:26).
Again:
Hear O Jacob My servant, and Israel whom I have chosen, I will pour My spirit upon thy seed, and My blessing upon thy sons; this one shall say, I am Jehovah’s, and that one will call Himself by the name of Jacob, and another will write with his hand Jehovah’s, and will surname himself with the name of Israel (Isa. 44:1, 3, 5).
That “Israel” also in the supreme sense denotes the Lord, is evident in Hosea:
When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called My son out of Egypt (Hos. 11:1);
that it is the Lord who is here meant by “Israel” is evident in Matthew:
Joseph went with the boy into Egypt, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, Out of Egypt have I called My Son (Matt. 2:14, 15).
6426. From thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel. That this signifies that from this is all good and truth in the spiritual kingdom, is evident from the signification of a “shepherd,” as being one who leads to the good of charity by means of the truth of faith (see n. 344, 3795, 6044); here in the supreme sense, because the Lord is treated of, it signifies good and truth itself; from the signification of “stone,” as being truth (see n. 1298, 3720, 3769, 3771, 3773, 3789, 3798); and from the representation of Israel, as being the spiritual church (see n. 3305, 4286); for “Israel” is spiritual good, or the good of truth (n. 4286, 4598, 5801, 5803, 5806, 5812, 5817, 5819, 5826, 5833); and as the good of truth is the very essential of the spiritual church, therefore by “Israel” the spiritual church is signified, and in a higher sense the Lord’s spiritual kingdom.
[2] From all this it is evident that by “from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel” is signified that from this is all the good and truth of the Lord’s spiritual kingdom. That in the highest sense the “stone of Israel” denotes the Lord in respect to the truth that is in His spiritual kingdom, is because by “stone” in general is signified the temple, and specifically its foundation, and by the “temple” is signified the Lord’s Divine Human (as is evident in John 2:19, 21), and also by its foundation (Matt. 21:42, 44; and Isa. 28:16). That in the highest sense a “stone” denotes the Lord as to the Divine truth that is of His spiritual kingdom, is evident in David:
The stone which the architects rejected, is become the head of the corner. This was done from Jehovah: it is marvelous in our eyes (Ps. 118:22, 23).
That the “stone” here is the Lord, is evident in Luke:
It is written, The stone which the architects rejected, the same is become the head of the whosoever shall fall upon this stone shall be broken; but upon whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder (Luke 20:17, 18);
these words the Lord speaks concerning Himself. And in Isaiah:
Let Him be your fear, and let Him be your dread; for He shall be for a sanctuary, although a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense, to the two houses of Israel; many among them shall stumble, and fall, and be broken (Isa. 8:13-15);
where the subject treated of is the Lord. Again:
Thus said the Lord Jehovih, Behold I will lay for a foundation in Zion a stone, a tried stone, of a precious corner, of a sure foundation; he that believeth shall not hurry (Isa. 28:16).
In Zechariah:
Jehovah Zebaoth shall visit His flock, the house of Judah, and shall make them as a horse of glory in war; from Him is the corner stone, from Him the nail, from Him the war bow (Zech. 10:3, 4).
[3] In Daniel:
Thou sawest even until a stone was cut out which was not done with hands, and it smote the image upon its feet, that were iron and clay, and brake them in pieces. The stone that smote the image became a great rock, and filled the whole earth. The God of the heavens shall make a kingdom rise up that shall not be destroyed forever, nor shall His kingdom be left to another people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, but itself shall stand forever. Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the rock, which was not done with hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold (Dan. 2:34, 35, 44, 45);
here by a “stone” in the highest sense is meant the Lord, and in the relative sense His spiritual kingdom; that the stone was “cut out of a rock” signifies that it was from the truth of faith, for this is signified in the Word by a “rock;” and as the truth of faith is signified by “stone” and “rock,” it is the Lord’s spiritual kingdom that is also signified, for this is in the truth of faith, and from this in good.
[4] By the “stone” also upon which Jacob slept, and which he afterward set for a pillar, the like is signified, of which it is written:
Jacob awoke out of his sleep, and he said, Surely Jehovah is in this place, and I knew it not; and he feared, and said, How terrible is this place! this is nothing but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had set for his pillows, and set it for a pillar, and poured oil upon the head of it; and he said, This stone which I have set for a pillar shall be God’s house (Gen. 28:16-18, 22).
That in the highest sense the ancients understood the Lord by a “stone,” and in the representative sense His spiritual kingdom, is also clear in Joshua:
Joshua set up a stone under the oak that was in the sanctuary of Jehovah. And Joshua said unto the universal people, Behold, this stone shall be to us for a witness; for it hath heard all the discourses of Jehovah, which He spake to us; and it shall be for a witness against you, lest ye deny your God (Josh. 24:26, 27).
6427. The contents of these two verses in the internal sense is plain from the things unfolded, but still these things must needs be obscure unless the nature of the spiritual kingdom is known. This kingdom consists of those who are in the truth of faith, but who make this the truth of life, and thus good; for when the truth of faith is lived, it becomes good, and is called the “good of truth,” but in its essence it is truth in act. In the Lord’s spiritual church the truth of faith is various, for that is said to be truth in one church which in another is said not to be truth, and this according to the doctrine of each; thus it is doctrinal things that are called truths. These truths are what are conjoined with good, and make the good of the spiritual church; and thus its good becomes such as is its truth, for good has its quality from truths.
[2] Hence it is evident that the good of the spiritual church is impure; and because it is impure, the spiritual cannot be admitted into heaven except by Divine means. The veriest Divine means was that the Lord came into the world and made the Human in Himself Divine; by this the spiritual were saved. But because the good with them is impure, they must needs be infested by evils and falsities, and thus be in combats; but the Lord provides that by means of these combats the impurity in them may gradually be purified, for the Lord fights for them. This is what is signified by “the daughter marched upon the wall,” and by “the archers embittered him, and shot at him, and hated him, and he shall sit in the strength of his bow, and the arms of his hands are made strong by the hands of the mighty Jacob, from whence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel.”
[3] See what has already been said about those who are of the spiritual church, namely, that they are in obscurity as to truth and the derivative good (n. 2708, 2715, 2718, 2831, 2935, 2937, 3241, 3246, 3833, 6289); that this obscurity is illumined by the Lord’s Divine Human (n. 2716); that before the Lord’s coming there was not such a spiritual kingdom as after His coming (n. 6372); that the Lord came into the world in order to save the spiritual; and that they are saved by means of the Lord’s Divine Human (see n. 2661, 2716, 2833, 2834, 3969). Hence also it is plain that by “the arms of his hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty Jacob, from whence is the shepherd the stone of Israel,” is signified the power of fighting derived from the omnipotence of the Lord’s Divine Human, whence is all the good and truth in the spiritual kingdom (n. 6424-6426).
6428. By the God of thy father, and He shall help thee. That this signifies that He is the God of the Ancient Church, is evident from the representation of Jacob, who here is the “father,” as being the Ancient Church (n. 4439, 4514, 4680, 4772). This church was a spiritual church, and in it the Lord was worshiped, who is here meant by the “God of the Ancient Church,” from whom is help in the combats spoken of above.
6429. And with Shaddai. That this signifies the Lord the Benefactor after temptations, is evident from the signification of “Shaddai,” the Lord being so called relatively to temptations, and to benefactions after temptations (see n. 1992, 3667, 4572, 5628).
6430. And He shall bless thee with the blessings of heaven above. That this signifies with good and truth from within, is evident from the signification of “blessings,” as being the multiplication of truth and the fruitfulness of good; “blessing” in the spiritual sense being nothing else; and from the signification of “heaven above,” as being from within, for the heaven of man is in his interiors, because the man who is in the good of life is as to his interiors in society with angels, thus in heaven, and as to his exteriors is in society with men, thus in the world. Therefore when man receives the good and truth which flow in from the Lord through heaven from within, he is “blessed with the blessings of heaven above.”
6431. With the blessings of the deep that lieth beneath. That this signifies with the memory-knowledges that are in the natural, is evident from the signification of “being blessed with blessings,” as being to be endowed with such things as are from the spiritual world; and from the signification of the “deep that lieth beneath,” as being the memory-knowledges in the natural. It is relatively to the interiors (which are “heaven”) that the natural is called “the deep that lieth beneath” (see above, n. 6430); and as the natural is signified by “the deep that lieth beneath,” memory-knowledges are also signified, for these together with their delights are in the natural, and make its life, especially with the spiritual man, because by means of memory-knowledges he is introduced into truths, and by means of truths into good; from which it is evident that by “being blessed with the blessings of the deep that lieth beneath” is signified to be endowed with memory-knowledges, thus with truths, in the natural. By the “deep” are also signified the truths of memory-knowledge in the natural in the blessing of Joseph in Moses:
Blessed of Jehovah be his land; for the precious things of heaven, for the dew, for the deep also that lieth beneath (Deut. 33:13).
6432. With blessings of the breasts. That this signifies with the affections of good and truth, is evident from the signification of the “breasts,” as being the affections of good and truth. That the “breasts” denote the affections of good and truth, is because they communicate with the organs of generation, and thereby also belong to the province of conjugial love (of which province see above, n. 5050-5062); and conjugial love corresponds to the heavenly marriage, which is the marriage of good and truth; for conjugial love descends from this marriage (n. 2618, 2728, 2729, 2803, 3132, 4434, 4835, 6179); hence by the “breasts” are signified the affections of good and truth. The same is also evident from the fact that infants are nourished by means of the breasts, and through this affection the “breasts” signify the conjunction of conjugial love with love toward offspring.
[2] These affections are also signified by the “breasts” in Isaiah:
Thou shalt suck the milk of the nations, and shalt suck the breasts of kings. For brass I will bring gold, and for iron silver (Isa. 60:16, 17);
“to suck the breasts of kings” denotes good from truth, for by “kings” are signified truths (see n. 1672, 2015, 2069, 3009, 3670, 4575, 4581, 4966, 5044, 5068, 6148). That by the “milk of the nations,” and by the “breasts of kings,” there is signified something hidden which is spiritual, is manifest, for otherwise they would be words without meaning; that good and truth are signified is plain from what follows: “for brass I will bring gold, and for iron silver”; “brass” being natural good (n. 425, 1551), “gold” celestial good (n. 113, 1551, 1552, 5658), “iron” natural truth (n. 425, 426), and “silver” spiritual truth (n. 1551, 2954, 5658, 6112).
[3] And in Ezekiel:
As to the increase I made thee as the bud of the field, whence thou didst increase and grow up, and thou attainedst to ornament of ornaments; thy breasts were made firm, and thy hair grew (Ezek. 16:7);
this is said of Jerusalem, by which is here signified the Ancient Spiritual Church; the “breasts” being “made firm” denotes interior affections of good and truth; “thy hair grew” denotes exterior affections which are of the natural (that “hair” is the natural as to truth, see n. 3301, 5247, 5569-5573). That in these words there is a spiritual sense which does not appear in the letter, is plain; for without that sense what could be meant by saying of Jerusalem that “her breasts were made firm, and her hair grew?”
[4] In the same:
There were two women the daughters of one mother who committed whoredoms in Egypt; they committed whoredoms in their youth, there were their breasts pressed, and there they touched the teats of their virginity (Ezek. 23:2, 3);
that the “two women” are Jerusalem and Samaria, is there said, by whom in the internal sense are signified churches; by their “committing whoredoms in their youth with Egypt,” is signified that they falsified the truths of the church by means of memory-knowledges (that “to commit whoredom” is to falsify truths, see n. 2466, 4865; and that “Egypt” is memory-knowledge, n. 1164, 1165, 1186, 1462, 5700, 5702); hence “their breasts were pressed” denotes that the affections of good and truth were perverted by means of falsifications. That such things are signified by the “whoredom of the women,” and by the “pressing of their breasts,” is evident to those who look into the meaning of the description of these women.
[5] In Hosea:
Plead ye with your mother, let her put away her whoredoms from her faces, and her adulteries from between her breasts, lest I strip her naked, and make her as a wilderness, and set her as a land of drought, and slay her with thirst (Hos. 2:2, 3);
“mother” denotes the church (n. 289, 2691, 2717, 3703, 4257, 5581); “whoredoms” denote falsifications of truth (n. 2466, 4865); “adulteries,” adulterations of good (n. 2466, 2729, 3399); hence “adulteries from between the breasts” denote the affections of good and truth adulterated; “to strip naked” denotes to deprive of all truth (n. 1073, 4958, 5433); “to make her as a wilderness, to set her as a land of drought, and to slay her with thirst” denotes to extinguish all truth.
[6] Again:
Give them a miscarrying womb and dry breasts (Hos. 9:14);
where “dry breasts” denote affections not of truth and good. And in Isaiah:
Stand still ye women that are secure, hear my voice; ye daughters that are confident, with your ears perceive my discourse; strip and make thyself bare, and gird upon the loins; they smite themselves upon the breasts for the fields of pure wine and the fruitful vine (Isa. 32:9, 11, 12);
where “daughters” denote affections (n. 2362, 3024, 3963); “to be made bare” denotes to be deprived of truth (n. 1073, 4958, 5433); “to gird themselves upon the loins” denotes to be in grief on account of lost good; “to smite upon the breasts,” denotes to be in grief on account of lost good of truth; and because these things are signified, it is said “for the fields of pure wine and the fruitful vine;” for a “field” denotes the church as to good, thus the good of the church (n. 2971, 3196, 3310, 3766), and a “vine” denotes the spiritual church, consequently the good of truth (n. 5113, 6375, 6376).
[7] In Revelation:
I saw seven golden lampstands, and in the midst of the seven lampstands one like the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girded about at the breasts with a golden girdle (Rev. 1:12, 13);
the “golden lampstands” denote the truths of good; the “Son of man” denotes the Divine truth; “girded about at the breasts with a golden girdle” denotes the good of love. That these things seen by John involve such things as are of the Lord’s kingdom and His church, everyone may conclude from the sanctity of the Word; for what sanctity would there be in making predictions about the kingdoms of this world? Hence it may be seen that heavenly things are signified by the “lampstands,” and by the “Son of man being clad with a garment down to the feet, and being girded about at the breasts with a golden girdle.”
[8] In Luke:
A certain woman from the people lifted up her voice and said concerning Jesus, Blessed is the womb that bare Thee, and the breasts which Thou hast sucked. But Jesus said, Yea rather, blessed are they that hear the Word of God and keep it (Luke 11:27, 28);
from the Lord’s answer it is plain what is signified by a “blessed womb,” and what by “breasts,” namely, those who hear the Word of God and keep it; thus the affections of truth which those have who hear the Word of God; and the affections of good which those have who keep or do it.
6433. And of the womb. That this signifies their conjunction, namely, the conjunction of good and truth, is evident from the signification of “the womb,” as being the inmost of conjugial love; and as conjugial love comes forth from the heavenly marriage, which is the conjunction of good and truth, therefore this conjunction is signified by the “womb.” (That the inmost of conjugial love is signified by the “womb” may be seen above, n. 4918; and that conjugial love comes forth from the heavenly marriage, or from the conjunction of good and truth in heaven, n. 2618, 2728, 2729, 2803, 3132, 4434, 4835, 6179.)
6434. The blessings of thy father shall prevail above the blessings of my progenitors. That this signifies that this church has spiritual good from the natural, is evident from the representation of Joseph, as being the spiritual church (see n. 6417); from the representation of Israel, here the “father,” as being spiritual good from the natural (n. 5801, 5803, 5806, 5812, 5817, 5819, 5826, 5833); and from the representation of Isaac and Abraham, here the “progenitors,” as being in the supreme sense the Lord’s internal Divine-“Isaac,” the internal Divine Human, or the Lord’s Divine Rational (n. 1893, 2066, 2072, 2083, 3012, 3194, 3210); and “Abraham” the Lord’s Divine Itself (n. 2011, 3251, 3439, 4615); but in the relative sense “Abraham and Isaac” denote the internal of the Lord’s kingdom and church (n. 6098, 6185, 6276). From all this it may in some measure be seen what is signified by “the blessings of thy father shall prevail over the blessings of my progenitors,” namely, that the spiritual church should have good from the natural or external man, but not from the rational or internal man; for the good of the man of the spiritual church is in the natural, nor does it go further; but the good of the celestial church is in the rational. That this is the meaning cannot possibly be known unless it is known what Israel and Abraham and Isaac represent, and also where and whence is the good of the spiritual church.
6435. Even to the desire of the hills of an age. That this signifies to celestial mutual love, is evident from the signification of the “hills of an age,” as being the things of mutual love (of which in what follows). That the spiritual church may come to this love, is signified by “even to the desire of the hills of an age.” Before it is shown from other passages of the Word that by the “hills of an age” is signified mutual love, it must first be told what is meant by the mutual love to which the man of the spiritual church, represented by Joseph, busies himself in arriving. From what has frequently been said and shown above, it is evident that there are two kingdoms which constitute heaven, namely, the celestial kingdom and the spiritual kingdom. The difference between these two kingdoms is that the internal good of the celestial kingdom is the good of love to the Lord, and its external is the good of mutual love; they who are of this kingdom are in the good of love, but not in the truth which is called the truth of faith, for this is in the good of this kingdom, insomuch that it cannot be seen separately from good, and therefore they who belong to this kingdom cannot even mention faith (n. 202, 203, 4448), because with them instead of the truth of faith there is the good of mutual love. But as regards the spiritual kingdom, its internal is the good of charity toward the neighbor, while its external is the truth of faith.
[2] From all this it is evident what is the difference between these two kingdoms, and also that they agree in the fact that the external of the celestial kingdom coincides with the internal of the spiritual kingdom, through the intermediate which is called the “celestial of the spiritual.” For as before said the external of the celestial kingdom is the good of mutual love, and the internal of the spiritual kingdom is the good of charity toward the neighbor; but the good of mutual love is more interior than the good of charity toward the neighbor, because the former is from the rational, but the latter is from the natural. But although the good of mutual love (which is the external of the celestial church) is more interior, and the good of charity toward the neighbor is more exterior, nevertheless, as just said, the Lord conjoins these goods by an intermediate, and thus conjoins these two kingdoms.
[3] In order to make a distinction between the external good of the celestial church and the internal good of the spiritual church, in the following pages we may call the former good the good of mutual love, and the latter the good of charity toward the neighbor, which difference has not been heretofore observed. These things being first known, it may be said what is signified by “even to the desire of the hills of an age,” which is among the blessings of Israel concerning this spiritual church, namely, that the spiritual kingdom may rise above the good of charity even to the good of mutual love, which is of the celestial kingdom; and that in this way these two kingdoms may be intimately conjoined: this is what is signified by these words.
[4] In very many passages of the prophetic Word mention is made of “mountains and hills,” and by them in the internal sense are signified the goods of love-by “mountains” the good of love to the Lord, which is the internal of the celestial kingdom; and by “hills” the good of mutual love, which is the external of the same kingdom; but where the spiritual kingdom is treated of, then by “mountains” is signified the good of charity toward the neighbor, which is the internal of this kingdom, and by “hills” the truth of faith, which is its external. Be it known that every church of the Lord is internal and external, and so is each of His kingdoms.
[5] That such is the signification of “hills,” is evident from the following passages:
In the latter days the mountain of Jehovah shall be for the head of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills (Isa. 2:2; Mic. 9:1);
the “mountain of Jehovah,” which is Zion, denotes the Lord’s celestial kingdom, thus the good of this kingdom, which is of love to the Lord; thus in the supreme sense it is the Lord Himself, for all the love and all the good in the celestial kingdom belong to the Lord.
[6] The like is signified by the “mountain of Zion” elsewhere in the Word, and by the “hill thereof” the good of mutual love, as in Isaiah:
Jehovah Zebaoth shall come down to fight upon the mountain of Zion, and upon the hill thereof (Isa. 31:4);
where “hill” denotes the good of mutual love; and as by a “hill” is signified the good of mutual love, and by a “mountain” the good of celestial love, which is the good of love to the Lord, it is said that “Jehovah would descend to fight upon that mountain.” Jehovah does not fight upon the mountain of Zion and the hill thereof; but where the good of love is, it is for this, that is, for those who are in it, that the Lord (in this passage “Jehovah”) fights. If He fought for Zion and for Jerusalem, it is because they represented the celestial church. Therefore also the mountain of Zion was called holy, and Jerusalem also was said to be holy, when yet in itself it was filthy, as is plain from the prophets, where its abominations are treated of.
[7] In David:
The mountains shall bring peace, and the hills in righteousness (Ps. 72:3).
In the same:
Praise Jehovah ye mountains, and all hills (Ps. 148:9).
In the same:
The mountains skipped like rams, the hills like the sons of the flock (Ps. 114:4, 6).
Again:
A mountain of God is the mountain of Bashan; a mountain of hills is the mountain of Bashan. Why leap ye, ye mountains, ye hills of mountains? God desires to dwell in it, Jehovah also shall dwell forever (Ps. 68:15, 16).
In these passages “mountains” denote celestial love, and “hills” spiritual love; that mountains are not here meant, nor hills, nor they who were upon mountains and hills, is very manifest.
[8] In Isaiah:
There shall be upon every high mountain, and upon every lifted up hill, streams, channels of waters (Isa. 30:25);
“channels of waters” denote the knowledges of good and of truth, which are said to be “upon every high mountain and lifted up hill” because these knowledges flow from the goods of celestial and spiritual love.
[9] In Habakkuk:
Jehovah stood and measured the earth; He saw and dispersed the nations, because the mountains of eternity were scattered, and the hills of an age humbled themselves (Hab. 3:6);
the “mountains of eternity” denote the good of love of the Most Ancient Church, which was celestial; the “hills of an age,” the good of mutual love that belonged to that church; the former being its internal, the latter its external. When that church is meant in the Word, seeing that it was the most ancient one, “eternity” is sometimes added, as here the “mountains of eternity,” and elsewhere the “days of eternity” (n. 6239); and an “age” also is added, as here the “hills of an age,” and also in the prophetic utterance of Israel: “to the desire of the hills of an age.” Hence it is evident that by the “hills of an age” are signified the goods of mutual love, which are of the celestial church, or of the Lord’s celestial kingdom.
[10] So in Moses, in his prophetic utterance about Joseph:
Of the first-fruits of the mountains of the east, and of the precious things of the hills of eternity, let them come on the head of Joseph (Deut. 33:15, 16).
In Isaiah:
The mountains and the hills shall resound with singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap their hands (Isa. 55:12).
In Joel:
In that day the mountains shall drop down new wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters (Joel 3:18; Amos 9:13).
In Ezekiel:
My sheep wander in all the mountains, and upon every high hill, and upon all the faces of the earth are they scattered. I will make them, the compass of My hill, a blessing; and I will send down the rain in its season (Ezek. 34:6, 26).
In Jeremiah:
Wasters are come upon all the hills in the wilderness; for the sword of Jehovah devoureth (Jer. 12:19).
In these passages the goods of celestial love are signified by “mountains;” and likewise by “hills,” but in a lower degree.
[11] Because “mountains” and “hills” signified such things, in the Ancient Church their Divine worship also was upon mountains and upon hills; and afterward the Hebrew nation set altars upon mountains and hills, and there sacrificed and burnt incense; and where there were no hills, they constructed high places. But because this worship became idolatrous, through holding the mountains and hills themselves holy, and thinking nothing at all about the holy things which they signified, this worship was therefore forbidden the Israelitish and Jewish people, because that people was more prone to idolatry than any other. In order however that this representative which had been in ancient times might be retained, the mountain of Zion was chosen, and by it in the supreme sense was represented the Divine good of the Lord’s Divine love, and in the relative sense the Divine celestial and the Divine spiritual in His kingdom.
[12] As such things were signified, Abraham was commanded to sacrifice his son upon one of the mountains in the land of Moriah; and the Lord was also seen upon a mountain by Moses, and the Law was promulgated from the elevation of a mountain, for He was seen by Moses upon Mount Horeb, and the Law was promulgated upon Mount Sinai; and the temple of Jerusalem was also built upon a mountain.
[13] That from an ancient rite holy worship was held upon mountains and hills, and afterward the Gentiles and also the idolatrous Israelites and Jews sacrificed and burnt incense thereon, is plain in Jeremiah:
Thine adulteries, and thy neighings, the wickedness of thy whoredom, upon the hills in the field, I have seen thine abominations (Jer. 13:27);
speaking of Jerusalem. In Ezekiel:
When their pierced ones shall be in the midst of their idols, round about their altars, upon every high hill, in all the heads of the mountains, and under every green tree, and under every tangled oak (Ezek. 6:13).
In Jeremiah:
Upon every high hill, and under every green tree, thou transgressing harlot (Jer. 2:20; 3:6; and 1 Kings 14:23; 2 Kings 16:4; 17:10).
[14] Because idolatrous worship took place upon mountains and hills, by them are signified in the opposite sense the evils that belong to the love of self; as in Jeremiah:
The mountains, and lo they are shaken, and all the hills are overturned. I held and lo there was no man, and all the birds of heaven had flown away (Jer. 4:24, 25).
In Isaiah:
Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill shall be humbled (Isa. 40:4).
In the same:
Behold I have put thee for a thresher of a new thresher, set with spikes; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and shalt make the hills as chaff (Isa. 41:15).
Again:
I will lay waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbage (Isa. 42:15).
And in Micah:
Hear ye I pray what Jehovah speaketh: Arise, contend thou with the mountains, and let the hills hear thy voice (Mic. 6:1).
In Jeremiah:
My people have been lost sheep, their shepherds have misled them, refractory mountains, they have gone from a mountain upon a hill, they have forgotten their fold (Jer. 50:6; and in other places, as Jer. 16:6; Nah. 1:5, 6).
[15] The reason why “mountains” and “hills” signified the goods of celestial and spiritual love, was that they were prominent above the earth, and by things prominent and high were signified those which were of heaven, and in the supreme sense which were of the Lord. For the “land of Canaan” signified the Lord’s heavenly kingdom (n. 1607, 3038, 3481, 3705, 4240, 4447); hence all things in that land were significative, the “mountains” and “hills” being significative of such things as are high; for when the most ancient people who were of the celestial church ascended a mountain they thought of height, and from height, of what is holy, because Jehovah or the Lord was said to dwell “in the highest,” and because in the spiritual sense “height” denoted the good of love (n. 650).
6436. They shall be on the head of Joseph. That this signifies these things as to the interiors, is evident from the signification of “head,” as being the interiors, because all things of man are there in their first principles, and it is also from correspondence that the interior things are signified by the head. Hence the “neck” signifies what is intermediate; the “body,” exterior things; and the “feet” with the “soles,” outermost ones. This correspondence is from the fact that heaven bears relation to a Great Man; the inmost heaven, where is the Lord’s celestial kingdom, relates to the head of that man; the middle or second heaven, where is the spiritual kingdom, to the body; and the ultimate or first heaven, to the feet (n. 4938, 4939, 5328, 6292).
6437. And on the crown of the head of the Nazirite of his brethren. That this signifies as to the exteriors, is evident from the signification of the “crown of the head of a Nazirite,” as being exterior things (of which presently); and from the representation of the sons of Israel, who here are “his brethren,” as being spiritual truths in the natural (see n. 5414, 5879, 5951), which also are relatively exterior, for the man of the spiritual church is in the good of truth, and this good is interior, because in the interior natural. That a “Nazirite” signifies exterior things is because the Nazirites represented the Lord as to the Divine natural, which is the external Divine Human. That this was what they represented is evident from the fact that the Naziriteship is the hair, and that its sanctity consisted in the hair, which was for the sake of the representation that has been mentioned; for the hair corresponds to and hence signifies what is natural (n. 3301, 5247, 5569-5573). This is also plain from those who made a vow of Naziriteship, who were then forbidden to shave their hair (Num. 6:5); and afterward, when they had completed the days of the Naziriteship, they were to shave the head at the door of the tent, and to put the hair into the fire under the sacrifice of the peace-offering (Num. 6:13, 18). This is further evident from Samson, who was a Nazirite, in that his strength consisted in his hair (Judg. 13:3, 5; 16; see n. 3301). Hence it is written in Jeremiah:
Cut off the hair of thy Naziriteship, and cast it away, and take up a lamentation on the hills (Jer. 7:29).
From these passages it is evident that by the “crown of the head of a Nazirite” are signified exterior things, for the crown of the head of a Nazirite is where his hair is. This is the secret signified by the Nazirites in the Word.
6438. From all that Israel foretold about Joseph, it is also evident that in each detail there is an internal sense, and that without this sense scarcely anything is understood. He who looks only at the sense of the letter may believe that these things that were said about Joseph would happen to his descendants through Manasseh and Ephraim (Gen. 48:1). But in their history in the books of Moses, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings, nothing of the kind is found; for they were not blessed above the rest of the tribes, and they like the rest were led into captivity and dispersed among the Gentiles; from which it is evident that what is stated in the sense of the letter is not signified, but something else that is in the internal sense. Also that without the internal sense it is impossible to know what all these things about Joseph involve-as that Joseph is “the son of a fruitful one, a fruitful one over a fountain, of a daughter, she marcheth upon the wall; the archers embitter him, and shoot at him, and hate him; and he shall sit in the strength of his bow, and the arms of his hands are made strong by the hands of the mighty Jacob, from thence is the shepherd, the stone of Israel;” that “the blessings of his father shall prevail above the blessings of his progenitors, even to the desire of the hills of an age;” and that “they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of the Nazirite of his brethren;” all and each of which things are such that no one can know what they mean except from the internal sense.
6439. Verse 27. Benjamin is a wolf; he shall seize in the morning, he shall devour the spoil, and at even he shall divide the prey. “Benjamin,” signifies the truth of the good of the spiritual church, which is “Joseph;” “is a wolf,” signifies the avidity of rescuing and delivering the good; “he shall seize in the morning, he shall devour the spoil,” signifies that when the Lord is present it shall be done; “and at even he shall divide the prey,” signifies their possession in the Lord’s kingdom, when as yet they are in obscurity.
6440. Benjamin. That he signifies the truth of the good of the spiritual church, which is “Joseph,” is evident from the representation of Benjamin, as being the spiritual of the celestial (see n. 4592). The spiritual of the celestial is the truth of good, here the truth of that good which is of the spiritual church, which is represented by Joseph in this prophetic utterance of Israel; for as by Joseph is represented the spiritual church (n. 6417), by him is also represented the good of that church, because the church is the church from good; the truth of this good is “Benjamin.”
6441. Is a wolf. That this signifies the avidity of rescuing and delivering the good, is evident from the signification of a “wolf,” as being one who seizes and scatters; and as in the Word “beasts” signify cupidities, a “wolf” signifies the avidity of seizing, as is also evident from the passages in the Word where a “wolf” is mentioned; as in Matthew:
Beware ye of false prophets, who come unto you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves (Matt. 7:15).
And in John:
He that is a hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth, and the wolf seizeth them, and scattereth the sheep (John 10:12).
Likewise in other places (as Luke 10:3; Jer. 5:6; Ezek. 22:27; Zeph. 3:3). Hence it is plain that by a “wolf” are signified those who seize, but here one who rescues from hell those who have been seized. The signification of a “wolf” is in a similar category to that of a “lion,” also a rapacious animal, concerning which also it is said that it “seizeth the rapine,” “gathereth spoil,” and “preyeth upon prey,” as is here said of a wolf; and yet in a good sense a “lion” signifies truth in power from good (n. 6367). It is similar with other rapacious beasts, as leopards, eagles, etc.
6442. He shall seize in the morning, he shall devour the spoil. That this signifies that when the Lord is present it shall be done, is evident from the signification of “morning,” as being in the supreme sense the Lord (see n. 2405, 2780), hence that “he shall seize in the morning” denotes that when the Lord is present, then shall be rescuing and deliverance of the good; and from the signification of “devouring the spoil,” as being to appropriate to Himself those whom He has rescued and delivered. (That “devouring” denotes to appropriate and conjoin with oneself, see n. 3168, 3513, 3596, 5643; that the “spoil” denotes those who have been rescued and delivered, is manifest.) That “seizing,” “rapine,” “spoil,” and “prey” are also spoken of the Lord in the Word because of His rescuing and delivering the good, is evident from what was said above (verse 9) about Judah: “Judah is a lion’s whelp; from the prey, my son, thou art gone up,” by which is signified that from the Lord through what is celestial is deliverance from hell (n. 6368). Also from other passages in the Word, as in Isaiah:
The roaring of Jehovah is like that of a lion, He roareth like young lions, and growleth, and layeth hold of the prey, so that there is none rescuing (Isa. 5:29).
Again:
As a lion roareth, and the young lion over his rapine, so shall Jehovah come down to fight upon the mountain of Zion (Isa. 31:4).
In Jeremiah:
I will rescue thee in that day, rescuing I will rescue thee; but thy soul is to thee for a spoil, because thou hast trusted in Me (Jer. 39:17, 18).
In Zephaniah:
Wait ye for Me, saith Jehovah, even unto the day that I rise up unto the prey (Zeph. 3:8).
And in Isaiah:
I will divide to Him among many, that He may divide the spoil with the strong ones (Isa. 53:12);
where the Lord is spoken of in the whole chapter.
[2] That “to devour the rapine or spoil” is to appropriate goods which have been seized by evils, is evident from the prophetic utterance of Balaam, in Moses:
Behold, the people shall rise up as an old lion, and as a young lion shall he lift himself up; he shall not rest until he eat of the spoil (Num. 23:24).
From all this it is evident that “rapine,” “spoil,” and “prey,” denote the rescuing and deliverance of the good by the Lord. This is predicated of the truth represented by Benjamin, because to truth is attributed power (n. 3091, 4931), but that which it has from good (n. 6344, 6423).
6443. And at even he shall divide the prey. That this signifies their possession in the Lord’s kingdom when as yet they are in obscurity, is evident from the signification of “evening,” as being what is obscure (see n. 3056, 3833); and from the signification of “dividing the prey,” as being to give a possession in the heavenly kingdom; for by “prey” are signified those who have been rescued and delivered by the Lord; hence by “dividing the prey” is signified distribution, namely, among those who are in heaven, which is the same as their having a possession in the Lord’s kingdom. This is said to be done “in the evening,” because they who are being elevated into heaven are at first in obscurity; for they cannot come to clearness until they have been in heaven, and have been instructed with respect to truths by the Lord through the angels, into whose society they are sent; for there is need of time in order that the obscurity induced by falsities may be dissipated.
6444. These are the things signified by “Benjamin;” but without the internal sense, who can say what the things which are said of him involve, as that he is a “wolf,” that he “shall seize in the morning,” that he “shall devour the spoil, and at evening shall divide the prey?” These things would be altogether hidden unless revealed by the internal sense. Of this kind are very many things in the prophets, of which if viewed from the letter few are understood; but if viewed from the internal sense all are understood. From all this it may now be seen that by the “sons of Jacob,” and by the “tribes” named from them, are signified such things as are of the Lord’s church and kingdom.
6445. Verse 28. All these are the twelve tribes of Israel; and this is what their father spake to them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them. “All these are the twelve tribes of Israel,” signifies all truths and goods in the complex; “and this is what their father spake to them,” signifies communication through influx from spiritual good; “and blessed them, every one according to his blessing he blessed them,” signifies predictions as to the spiritual life, of what would happen to each one in such a state.
6446. All these are the twelve tribes of Israel. That this signifies all truths and goods in the complex, is evident from the signification of the “twelve tribes of Israel,” as being all truths and goods in the complex (see n. 3858, 3926, 3939, 4060, 6335, 6397). That these are signified by the “tribes,” is plain not only from what has been said about the tribes in the places cited, but also from what has been said about them in this chapter.
6447. And this is what their father spake to them. That this signifies communication through influx from spiritual good, is evident from the signification of “speaking,” as being to inflow (see n. 2951, 5481, 5743, 5797), here communication through influx; and from the representation of Israel, who is here their “father,” as being spiritual good (n. 4598, 5801, 5803, 5806, 5812, 5817, 5819, 5826, 5833).
Emanuel Swedenborg · Clowes / Potts English edition · Source edition · German edition.